The Characteristics Of Biochar And Its Application Effect On Soil Humus

Biochar(Bc)is part of the black carbon(BC)(can not distinguish between a general designation of black carbon),with humus carbon as part of soil organic carbon slow decomposition sink,play an important role for detoxification of soil,soil fertility and environment protection.Because of forest fire or the influence of fire tillage,the soil must contain biochar;Humus carbon(HC)is mainly derived from microorganisms and is the main body of soil organic carbon(SOC).It is the current research focus that whether biomass agricultural waste can be converted into Bc to be stored in soil to achieve carbon emission reduction and fertility improving.Due to the complex structure of Bc and inertia,currently limited to the study of artificial preparation of Bc influence on soil and plant growth,and the amount of original Bc or Bc in the soil and structure study is less,less the relationship between Bc and HC,particularly with humic acid(HA)and humin(Hu),the research about the effect of addition Bc to soil on composition and structure characteristics of HC was no reported.It can be assumed that the Bc into the soil may affect the quantity,composition and structure characteristics of HC,and there may be two pathway : one is the Bc by microorganisms using into HC or by influencing the activity affect the formation and transformation of HC;The second is that Bc influences HC composition by combining with HC physical mixing or chemical binding.Therefore,the paper intends to compare the structure characteristics of biomass carbon and commercial black carbon.The effects of Bc and Bc on the number of components and HA structure characteristics of soil HC were studied.It is speculated that the relationship between soil Bc and HC may be related or transformed.The results showed that:(1)characteristics of biomass charcoal from different sources.The structure of biomass carbon and industrial black carbon in the laboratory contains a large number of aromatic structures.However,the molecular structure condensation degree of biomass carbon prepared from straw as raw material was much lower than that of commodity black carbon and biomass charcoal made from pine tree,and its C/N was also relatively lower.This is the basis for selecting corn stalk Bc as soil conditioner in the future.(2)effects of biomass charcoal on soil properties.Adding biomass charcoal to the soil has a certain effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil.After adding biomass charcoal,the soil moisture content,wilting coefficient,moisture absorption coefficient can be improved.And the source of biomass carbon is different,and the effect is different.The biomass charcoal made from pine shoots is better than the biomass charcoal made from straw.In addition to add soil biomass carbon to a certain impact on soil chemical properties,such as soil pH value and CEC,soil effective nitrogen,available phosphorus,effective potassium,effectively increase the content of calcium and magnesium effectively.(3)effects of biomass charcoal on plant growth.The addition of biomass charcoal increased the absorption of NPK nutrients,and the biomass of the ground and underground parts of maize seedling increased,and the root length increased.In biomass carbon content below 2%,the content of N,P nutrient soil and crop of the 2 kinds of nutrient absorption is on the rise,when the adding amount of 4%,the effective content of N,P and the absorption of these two nutrients by corn has declined.(4)the effect of adding biomass charcoal on soil organic matter.Adding biomass charcoal can improve soil organic carbon content,but instead of fulvic acid content decreased,the number of humic acid increased slightly,the humic acid LgK drops,RF increased,showed that HA development towards the direction of the complicated structure.To cultivate test application of Bc soil HA mole ratio of H/C and O/C mole ratio is reduced,The ratios of high temperature exotherm and medium temperature exotherm,and high temperature weight loss and mid-temperature weight loss ratio increased,indicating that application of BC promoted the molecular condensation of HA in black soil,reduced the degree of oxidation,and improved thermal stability,which was conducive to the stabilization and fixation of soil organic carbon.