Selection Of Suitable Green Manure For Kiwifruit Orchard And Its Effect On Soil Nutrients And Kiwifruit Yield And Quality

Orchard green manure has realistic significance in society,ecology and economy in agricultural production.In this paper,two kinds of green manure suitable for Kiwifruit orchard planting in Guizhou were screened out by single factor experiment,namely ryegrass and common vetch respectively;The effects of two kinds of green manure on soil fertility,fruit yield and quality were studied by applying reduced fertilizer,clear combination of green manure application can achieve the effect of reducing fertilizer,fertilizing soil and improving fruit yield and quality.Provide reference for kiwifruit rational utilization of green fertilizer and fertilization.The main conclusions are as follows:1)Through the screening test of suitable green manure varieties in kiwifruit orchard,except La Croton,all the eight kinds of green manure selected could normally complete the growth process before full blooming stage,with certain coverage,inhibiting weed growth in orchards,maintaining soil moisture,improving soil pH and moderately improving soil nutrients.Among them,ryegrass and common vetch are two green manure crops suitable for Kiwifruit orchards in Guizhou mountainous areas.2)Comparing with single application of compound fertilizer,combined application of overturning ryegrass,common vetch and different amounts of compound fertilizer can reduce soil bulk density and increase total soil porosity.Under the condition of overturning ryegrass 15t/hm~2,the soil bulk density decreased by 8.73%-11.11%and the total soil porosity increased by 7.68%-14.68%.The soil bulk density was reduced by 5.34%-22.43%and the total porosity was increased by 1.66%-13.20%when the common vetch was overturned.3)Comparing with single compound fertilizer,combined application of overturning ryegrass,common vetch and different dosage of compound fertilizer can reduce soil pH value and increase soil organic matter content.Under the condition of overturning pressure amount of 15t/hm~2,turning pressure of ryegrass reduced soil pH value by 1.35%-13.71%and increased soil organic matter content by 12.5%-15.04%.The soil pH value decreased by 3.93%-7.29%and the content of soil organic matter increased by 15.01%-28.25%under the condition of overturning common vetch.It can also increase the contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium,and improve soil fertility.4)Comparing with single compound fertilizer,15t/hm2 of turning ryegrass combined with compound weight loss of 15%-45%had no significant difference on the maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and leaf area of Kiwifruit leaves.The louver weight increased by0.90%-4.39%and chlorophyll content increased by 0.91%-7.38%.There was no significant difference in the maximum leaf length and leaf area when overturning common vetch 15t/hm~2 and compound weight loss of 15%-45%.Decreasing compound fertilizer dosage by 15%could significantly increase the maximum leaf width,louver weight by 30%and chlorophyll content by3.05%-19.89%.5)Comparing with single compound fertilizer application,combined application of overturning ryegrass,common vetch and compound fertilizer with different dosage could increase the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in kiwifruit leaves.It can increase fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,single fruit weight and fruit firmness,and improve nutrient absorption of kiwifruit leaves and appearance of kiwifruit.6)Comparing with single compound fertilizer,the combined weight loss of 15t/hm~2 of overturning ryegrass and common vetch was 15%-45%,soluble solid content increased by3.03%-8.43%,3.86%-5.87%,vitamin C content increased by 9.75%-18.92%,7.36%-20.41%,total soluble sugar content increased by 4.60%-19.17%,0.49%-6.15%,titratable acid content decreased by 0.37%-2.92%,2.83%-11.03%respectively.Made the inner quality of kiwi fruit was improved.7)The returning of ryegrass and common vetch can reduce the amount of compound fertilizer and increase the yield of kiwifruit,overturning quantity within 15t/hm~2 reduced the amount of compound fertilizer by 15%-45%.The yield of overturning ryegrass was 39.4%-59.13%higher than that of compound fertilizer alone,and that of overturning common vetch was7.24%-47.63%higher than single application of compound fertilizer.8)Under the condition of overturning ryegrass and common vetch at 15t/hm~2,considering the growth,yield,quality,soil fertility and agricultural cost of kiwifruit,it is suggested that compound fertilizer should be reduced by 15%-30%.