Effects Of Intercropped Oat With Common Vetch And Alfalfa On Forage Yield And Quality And Soil Characteristics

In recent years,soil degradation was becoming seriously in the farming-pastoral zone in Inner Mongolia,and grain-forage production structure was becoming imbalanced.In order to promote the coordinated development of grain-forage industry and improve the soil properties,the oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa were studied in saline and chernozem land.The width of oat was 1.2,2.4 and 3.6 m,and the width of common vetch and alfalfa was 1.2 m,in other words,the intercropping patterns were 1:1,2:1 and 3:1.The forage yield and quality,and activities of soil catalase,sucrase,urease enzyme were measured.The results showed that:1.For oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa,the mixed pastures biomass of 2:1 pattern was 3.46%-18.70% and 2.43%-3.45% higher than the other patterns in saline land,and increased by 2.85%-7.06% and 0.71%-20.50% in chernozem respectively.Land utilization of 2:1 pattern was the highest(32%-91%),and oat intercropping with alfalfa higher than oat intercropping with common vetch.The aggressivity of oat intercropping with common vetch has differences in two years.The aggressivity of alfalfa has an advantage over oats in 1:1 pattern,while oat was better in the other patterns of oat intercropping with alfalfa.2.2:1 and 3:1 of oat intercropping with common vetch patterns have higher percentage of crude fat in forage.3:1 pettern was significantly higher than that of other patterns when oat intercropping with alfalfa.2:1 mode could improve the percentage of crude fat.For oat intercropping with common vetch,the forage RFV of 2:1 and 1:1pattern was significantly higher than that of other patterns in saline land and chernozem respectively.For oat intercropping with alfalfa,2:1 was hightest in chernozem land.3.Soil water content of 2:1 pattern in oat intercropping with common vetch was higher and increased by 2.26%-38.54% than the other twotreatments in saline land,and there was no significant difference in chernozem land.The soil bulk density of oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa was decreased 6.19%-11.12% and6.14%-6.37% than the other twotreatments in saline land,and there was no changes in chernozem land.The content of >0.25 mm soil aggregate structure of intercropping significantly increased by 2.89%-9.52% and 9.56%-12.56% than monocropping in saline and chernozem land respectively.4.2:1 pattern has more soil organic carbon in intercropping.3:1 pattern in saline land and 2:1 pattern in chernozem land have maintained soil available nitrogen effectively.3:1 pattern of oat intercropping with common vetch and 1:1 pattern of oat intercropping with alfalfa uses soil total nitrogen efficiently.3:1 pattern in saline land and2:1 pattern in chernozem consumes least of soil available phosphorus.2:1 pattern could maintain soil potassium effectively.5.The soil microbial biomass carbon content of 2:1 pattern of oat intercropping with common vetch has increased by 7.12%-34.44% than the othe two treatments in saline land significantly,and 1:1 pattern of oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa was lower than other paterns by 6.77%-26.07% and 9.20%-16.13% in chernozem land,respectively..The soil microbial biomass nitrogen content of 2:1 pattern was significantly higher than that of other patterns.Compared with the other two treatments,oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa increased by 9.97%-49.61% and3.19%-34.94% in saline land,increased by 11.00%-48.82% and 6.23%-48.82% in chernozem land.6.2:1 pattern could improve soil catalasse and urease activity.The soil sucrase activity of 2:1 pattern of oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa increased by3.33%-4.89% and 0.29%-18.71% respectively in saline land,by 2.20%-20.00% and0.48%-29.62% in chernozem land.3:1 pattern of oat intercropping with common vetch was highest,and 2:1 pattern of oat intercropping with alfalfa was highest for soil alkaline phosphates activity,and increased by 3.33%-32.70%、0.21%-11.02%,respectively.2:1 and 3:1 were both better patterns,but 2:1 pattern of oat intercropping with alfalfa was optimal pattern in saline land,and we could choose both of 2:1 pattern of oat intercropping with common vetch and alfalfa in chernozem land.