| Antibiotics have been used to keeping animals healthy and promoting growth in swine production.However,some problems such as tissue residues,endogenous infections,reduction of immunity and drug resistance induced by antibiotics,which has forced countries around the world to ban some of the antibiotics used in the livestock feed industry.Therefore,development of new antibiotic substitutes became a problem that needs to be solved urgently.In order to investigate the effects of yeast hydrolysate and Bacillus coagulans on growth performance,immune function and antioxidative capacity of piglets and growing-finishing pigs,two experiments were carried out in this research.Exp.1 Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolsate supplementation on growth performance,immunity,antioxidant and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs A total of 36 growing pigs[?Landrace×Yorksire?×Duroc]with an initial body weight?BW?of 26.87±2.65 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments?three pigs per pen with four pens per treatment?as follows:1)Control group(basal diet supplemented with 20mg kg-1feed of enramycin);2)Bacillus coagulans group(basal diet supplemented with 200mg kg-1feed of Bacillus coagulans);3)yeast hydrolsate group(basal diet supplemented with 3000mg kg-1 feed of yeast hydrolysates).The trial lasted for 104 days.Overall experimental phase involved growing stage?25-50kg,50-75kg?and finishing stage?75-100kg,100-125kg?.Blood sample was collected from the anterior vena cava of 2 pigs on 105 d,and the serum was separated to determine the immune and antioxidant indices.Six pigs were randomly selected for slaughter after each treatment and the chyme in cecum and colon were sampled to determine the intestinal microorganisms.Compared with control group,dietary supplementation with Bacillus coagulans improved ADG during the finishing phase for growing-finishing pigs?P<0.05?,yeast hydrolysates supplementation had higher ADG and ADFI?P<0.05?during the finishing phase,and had higher ADG?P<0.05?during overall period.Feeding yeast hydrolysates decreased the cooking loss?P<0.05?.However,backfat thickness and loin muscle area increased by yeast hydrolysates at 12.06%and 2.90%respectively.No significantly effects observed on carcass characters and pork quality when pigs fed Bacillus coagulans supplementation diets?P>0.05?.Bacillus coagulans inclusion improved innate immunity and cytokines in serum of growing-finishing pigs?P<0.05?,and tended to increase the serum level of T-AOC?P=0.07?.Feeding yeast hydrolysates improved the levels of T-AOC and IL-10 in serum?P<0.05?,however,no difference was observed on serum level of C3,C4,LZM,IL-1?and TNF-?when dietary supplementation with yeast hydrolysates?P>0.05?.Dietary supplementation with Bacillus coagulans increased colonic Bifidobacterium counts?P<0.05?.Growing-finishing pigs fed diets with yeast hydrolysates had higher cecal and colonic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts and colonic Bacillus counts?P<0.05?.Exp.2 Effects of dietary yeast hydrolsate supplementation on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,immunity,antioxidant and fecal microorganism of weaned pigsA total of 28 healthy crossbred piglets?Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,8.02±0.39 kg?with 28±1 days of old were randomly assigned to control group?basal diet?and yeast hydrolysate group?yeast hydrolysate equivalent to 0.5%of the soybean meal in the basal diet?according to their initial body weight.Each treatment consisted of fourteen replicates?one replicate per cage?with one pig per replicate in environmental control room.The trial lasted for 28 days.On the 28th day of the experiment,the samples of feces of piglets were collected to determine the number of fecal microorganisms.On the 29 th morning,the blood was collected from the ventral vena cava of each piglet,and the serum biochemical index,immunity and antioxidant index were determined.Compare with the control,dietary supplementation with yeast hydrolysates improved ADG and ADFI?P<0.05?,reduced the diarrhea rate?P<0.05?and tended to decrease F/G?P=0.07?in weaned pigs.Yeast hydrolysates supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of ALB,T-AOC,GSH-Px,C3 and C4,and decreased LDL-C and MDA in piglets?P<0.05?.No difference was observed on serum LZM?P>0.05?.Weaned pigs fed diets with yeast hydrolysates had higher fecal Bacillus counts?P<0.05?.These results indicated that dietary yeast hydrolysates supplementation improved growth performance,immunity and antioxidative capacity,as well as increased the number of beneficial microorganisms in the hindgut.In conclusion,the results indicated that dietary yeast hydrolysates supplementation could significantly improve growth performance of weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs,enhance antioxidant capacity and improve intestinal flora structure.The beneficial effect of yeast hydrolysate in growing-finishing pigs was better than that of Bacillus coagulans and antibiotics.Adding Bacillus coagulans to the diet of growing-finishing pigs could improve the daily feed intake of growing-finishing pigs to a certain extent,and significantly increase the levels of serum innate immune factors and cytokines levels. |
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