| Sichuan is a major tea-producing province in China.The tea garden covers an area of more than 5 million mu,and the tea varieties are rich in resources.In order to make full use of the advantages of the province’s tea resources,research on a set of machine-assisted technology adapted to the Sichuan tea area can alleviate the contradiction of labor shortage in the tea-picking season and achieve cost-effectiveness.In this experiment,the morphological characteristics of new shoot buds of 11 tea cultivars introduced or selected in Sichuan tea area,the mechanical composition of bud leaf before and after machine mining,the machine batch and the yield were systematically studied to screen for suitable machine mining.Variety.On this basis,the fertilizer efficiency test was carried out on the selected varieties,aiming at preliminary discussion on the fertilization technology of the machine tea planting,which provided some basis for the promotion and application of the machine mining technology in the Sichuan tea area.(1)The characteristics of the new shoot traits of 11 tested varieties such as Chuancha No.2,the mechanical composition of the shoots before and after machine mining,and the yield and quality of fresh-leaved leaves were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the length of the new shoot,the length of the lowermost internode and the angle of the bottom leaf,the uniformity of germination,and the growth potential of the new shoots were observed in four varieties of Chuancha No.2,Zhongcha 108,Mabian Green No.1 and FudingDabai Tea.The indexes of shoot bud integrity,machine harvesting fresh leaf yield and main biochemical quality components were significantly better than other varieties,indicating that the regeneration ability and yield tolerance of these four varieties were strong,and the number of fresh leaves collected by machine And high quality,suitable for machine mining.The order of adaptability of the tested varieties from high to low is:Chuancha No.2,Zhongcha 108 and Mabian Green No.1>FudingDabai>Zhongcha 102>Chuanmu 28>Chuanmu 217>Zhuyeqi,Chuancha No.3,Yusun and Biyun.(2)The tea gardens of the four suitable machine types were selected as materials,and different fertilization treatments were used to study the effects of different base fertilizers and topdressing application rates on the yield and quality of freshly harvested leaves.The results showed that:fertilization treatment 1(per 667m~2)Base fertilizer application of organic fertilizer 66.67kg+tea tree special compound fertilizer 2.7kg,three times top dressing:urea application 22.5kg,17.5kg,12.5kg)of the buds uniformity,tenderness and germination density are better than treatment 2(basic fertilizer same as above,three times Topdressing 17.5kg,12.5kg,7.5kg)and treatment 3(66.67kg of organic fertilizer for base fertilizer and 2 for topdressing),the highest proportion of standard shoots(54.61%±1.90%~63.51%±1.54%)And the old bud leaves(3.66%±3.07%~11.86%±3.16%)and the broken bud rate were all low(18.23%±2.70%~20.82%±4.81%),among which,Chuancha No.2 standard bud treatment 1 was significantly higher than treatment 2 and treatment 3 by 9.59%and 11.50%,respectively,and the difference was significant;Zhongcha 108 treatment 1 was 19.77%and 25.88%higher than treatment 2 and treatment3,respectively.These results show that the application of special fertilizer for tea in the base fertilizer,and increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,can increase the germination density,the standard proportion of bud leaves and the tenderness and uniformity of the leaves,thus improving the quality of fresh leaves.Comparing the quality indexes(mechanical composition indicators)of different varieties of fresh leaves,the difference in the quality of fresh leaves of Chuancha No.2and Mabian Green No.1 was not obvious,and it was superior to Zhongcha 108 and FudingDabai.In addition,the analysis results of the biochemical components of fresh leaves in different fertilization treatments showed that the main biochemical components(water extracts,amino acids,tea polyphenols,catechins and caffeine)in the fresh leaves of 1 machine were higher than treatment 2 and Treatment 3,wherein the content of water extract(41.96%±0.11%~45.43%±1.25%)of Chuancha No.2was 12.38%,15.19%higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3,respectively,and the amino acid content(3.12%±0.47%~3.50).%±0.83%)was 2.94%and 15.89%higher than treatment 2 and treatment 3,respectively,and the ratio of phenol to ammonia was the lowest(4.38%±0.62%~4.84%±0.67%),which was 9.69%lower than treatment 2 and12.95%..Therefore,the quality of fresh leaves is evaluated from the main quality components.It also shows that the special fertilizer for tea is added to the base fertilizer,and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increased to improve the biochemical quality of fresh leaves.(3)The test on the yield of fresh leaves in each treatment machine of fertilization test showed that the total yield of fresh leaves in different treatment machines of each test variety was treatment 1>treatment 2>treatment 3.The yield of Chuancha No.2 treatment 1was 57.50%and 86.84%higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3,respectively.There are also some differences between the machine sampling interval and the machine mining batch.Among them,the Chuancha No.2 annual machine batch is 6 times,one more than the other three varieties,and the mining time of each batch is the earliest.The interval is short.These results indicate that the tested varieties have different effects on the absorption and utilization of fertilizers due to their different characteristics and genetic characteristics.Therefore,the production should be based on the fertilizer characteristics of the varieties,and the tree-based fertilization should be formulated according to the tree system.technology.(4)In the fertilization test of the tea plantation,compared with treatment 2 and treatment 3,treatment 1 can significantly improve the germination density,the standard bud ratio and the fresh leaf yield and quality of the freshly harvested fresh leaves,indicating that the base fertilizer is not only organic fertilizer.The tea compound special compound fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O:15-7-13,total nutrient≥35.0%)can meet the demand for phosphorus and potassium in tea planting,making it more comprehensive.At the same time,increasing the amount of urea applied in the top dressing can more supplement the nitrogen nutrients required for the tea picking machine,and meet the concentration of the tea planting nutrient demand,so as to better increase the yield and quality.Therefore,in the supporting fertilization measures of the tea planting garden,the appropriate application of special compound fertilizer for tea tree in the base fertilizer and the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the top dressing can significantly increase the yield and quality of fresh leaves and promote the yield and quality of the tea plantation. |
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