| Amorphophallus Blume,a perennial herb of Monocotyledona,contains substances such as konjac glucomannan(KGM),which is widely used in food,health medicine and industry.In recent years,Amorphophallus industry has been vigorously developed at home and abroad to expand the production and cultivation area,but the following problem is the soft rot of AmorphophallusMore than 80% of konjac cultivars cultivated in Sichuan area are konjac,which has poor resistance to soft rot and is liable to yield reduction or even crop failure.often leading to yield reduction or even crop failure.Therefore,it is a general trend to introduce A.yuloensis with high yield,high quality and strong resistance to soft rot.At present,there is no report on the cultivation adaptability of A.yuloensis pearl bud in Sichuan area,so it is impossible to determine the cultivation conditions of Konjac pearl bud in Sichuan area.Therefore,four different altitudes in Sichuan Province were selected for this experiment.Amorphophallus seeds were purchased from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.Amorphophallus seeds were the underground corms of 2-year-old 200-g pearl-bud A.yuloensis,1-year-old 10-g air-bud A.yuloensis and 2-year-old 200-g Chuhua-1 A.konjac.Four experimental factors were set up: altitude,shade,sand content and fertilization type.The yield and quality of A.yuloensis pearl buds were estimated under each factor.The effects of altitude on plant height,stem diameter and growth period were also calculated separately.The aim was to screen out the optimum cultivation conditions of A.yuloensis pearl buds in Sichuan.The results showed that altitude had great influence on the botanical characteristics of Amorphophallus bulbifera.The plant height and stem diameter of Amorphophallus bulbifera are inversely proportional to the altitude,that is,the higher the altitude,the shorter the plant.At an altitude of 300 m,the height of Amorphophallus bulbifera reaches the highest level,106.9cm,and at an altitude of 500 m,the stem diameter of Amorphophallus bulbifera reaches the highest level,2.86 cm.Altitude has no obvious effect on the number of leaves of 2-year-old konjac bulbil seeds.when the altitude rises to 700 m,the number of leaves of 1-year-old konjac bulbil seeds increases with the elevation.at 900 m,the number of leaves of 1-year-old konjac bulbil seeds can reach 3.06.At different altitudes,the emergence and fall stages of Amorphophallus bulbifera are different.The experiment was carried out at an altitude of 300 m-900 m.The emergence period of Amorphophallus bulbiferus was 7 days later than that of Amorphophallus floribundus on average,the inverted seedlings were 10 days earlier than that of Amorphophallus floribundus,and the whole growth period of Amorphophallus bulbiferus was 17 days shorter than that of Amorphophallus floribundus.The sprouting rate of Amorphophallus bulbifera at any altitude within this test range is very high,reaching 96.3% at the highest.Amorphophallus konjac was almost infected with soft rot,the incidence rate of which reached 95.06%,while only 2 cases were found in Amorphophallus bulbifera.The yield of bulbous konjac per mu can reach 1680.06kg/ mu.Compared with konjac flower,the yield of bulbous konjac can be increased by 3696.33% in each treatment.In this experiment,altitude has an effect on the content of konjac glucomannan and protein,and the content of konjac glucomannan is proportional to altitude.Altitude had no obvious effect on soluble sugar and starch content of Amorphophallus bulbifera.In low altitude areas,shading degree has no obvious effect on the disease damage rate of Amorphophallus bulbus,but has an effect on the expansion multiple of Amorphophallus bulbus.When shading degree is 60%,the expansion multiple reaches the maximum,which can reach 10.93 times.At the same time,when the shading degree is 60%,the yield of the plot reaches the maximum,A2 is 48.90g/ plot,B2 is 22.41g/ plot.Different shading degrees also have different effects on the internal quality of konjac bulbus buds,all of which show that when the shading degree is 60%,each index reaches the maximum,in which the glucomannan content can reach 39.35%,the soluble sugar content can reach 5.68%,the starch content can reach 18.97%,and the protein content can reach 4.14%.In low altitude areas,sand content has a certain effect on the disease damage rate of Amorphophallus bulbifera plants.Within the range of sand addition in this experiment,the expansion ratio of bulbous konjac bulbous bulb increased with the increase of sand addition in loam soil.at level 3,the expansion ratio reached the maximum value,with treatment a reaching the maximum expansion ratio of 6.92 times and treatment b reaching the maximum expansion ratio of 11.35 times.Sand addition has a significant effect on the yield of konjac sprouts plot,among which the plot yield reaches the maximum at 3 levels,i.e.sand addition of 200m3/ mu,A3 is 46.13g/ plot and B3 is 22.33g/ plot.The results of this experiment show that sand-mixed treatment can effectively reduce the probability of bulb soaking and rotting,reduce the disease rate of Amorphophallus bulbosus,facilitate the expansion of underground bulbs,and achieve the effect of increasing production.When sand was mixed at 200m3/ mu,each index reached the maximum,namely glucomannan content 32.21%,soluble sugar content 5.65%,starch content 19.95%,and protein content 4.05%.The application of organic fertilizer in low altitude areas is most conducive to reducing the disease damage rate of Amorphophallus bulbifera and effectively improving the disease resistance of plants.The application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer has a positive effect on the expansion ratio of konjac bulbil,among which the mixed application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer is the most favorable for the expansion ratio of konjac bulbil,the expansion ratio of 2-year-old seeds can reach 6.93 times and that of 1-year-old seeds can reach 11.42 times,resulting in the maximum yield of plot at this fertilization level,A3 is 54.42g/ plot,B3 is 23.99g/ plot.The yield per mu of bulbous konjac underground bulb treated with fertilizer is obviously increased compared with that without fertilizer.The yield of 2-year-old seeds can be increased by 55.07% and that of 1-year-old seeds by 35.10%.The application of different types of fertilizers has an effect on the internal indexes of the underground bulb of konjac bulbus.The application of organic fertilizer is most beneficial to the increase of glucomannan content in konjac bulbus bulbus bulbus bulbus,up to 20.19% and 32.98%,and the application of chemical fertilizer is most beneficial to the increase of soluble sugar content,starch content and protein content in konjac bulbus bulbus bulbus bulbus bulbus bulbus. |
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