The Regional Fertilizer Formual Design And Comprehensive Effect Evaluation Of Wheat And Maize In Henan Province Based On ArcGIS

Henan Province is a large province of wheat and maize planting in China,which has a wide range of distribution and great environmental differences.However,previous studies on Formula Fertilization of wheat and maize were mostly single-point experiments.Formula fertilization about the whole Province and fertilizer saving,yield increasing,greenhouse gas emission reduction potential under the fertilizer formula were rarely reported in Henan Province.In this study,On the basis of the original ecological zoning and the meteorological data of the past five years,Henan Province is divided into five wheat ecological zones and five maize ecological zones,respectively,2132"3414"field test data(1247 wheat tests,885 maize tests),2826 demonstration tests(1582 wheat tests,1244 maize tests)and 837 000 soil samples collected in 152 counties(cities)of Henan Province from 2005 to 2013,together with 2017 Henan Statistical Year were used.The index of soil nutrient abundance and deficiency was established,the characteristics of wheat and maize fertilizer requirement were sorted out.The Fertilizer Formula in Henan Province was designed based on ArcGIS software and the comprehensive effects of the formula on yield increase,fertilizer saving and greenhouse gas emission reduction under the formula were analyzed.The main conclusions were as follows:1.Based on the relative yield of 80%,85%,90%and 95%of wheat and maize,soil available P and K in Henan Province were divided into five levels:extremely low,low,medium,high and extremely high.The corresponding classification standards for wheat were?10 mg/kg,10-15 mg/kg,15-24 mg/kg,24-37 mg/kg,?37 mg/kg(available P),>80 mg/kg,80-105 mg/kg,105-140 mg/kg,140-180 mg/kg,?180 mg/kg(available K).The corresponding grading standards of Maize under different relative yields were?11 mg/kg,11-16 mg/kg,16-25 mg/kg,25-38 mg/kg,?38 mg/kg(available P),?70 mg/kg,70-100 mg/kg,100-130 mg/kg,130-180mg/kg,?180 mg/kg(available K).2.The average demand of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for 100 kg economic yield of wheat and Maize in Henan Province is 2.63 kg,0.43 kg and 2.13 kg(wheat),2.29 kg,0.36 kg and 1.98 kg(maize),respectively.Comparing the fertilizer requirement of wheat and Maize at different yield levels,found that with the increase of yield level,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium requirement of wheat and maize showed a gradual downward trend.3.According to the methods of "total amount control of nitrogen fertilizer","constant amount monitoring of phosphorus fertilizer" and "fertilizer effect response of potassium fertilizer zoning",the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for wheat was 170 kg/hm2,180 kg/hm2,160 kg/hm2 and 150 kg/hm2,phosphorus application in each ecological region is 63 kg/hm2,75 kg/hm2,81 kg/hm2,92 kg/hm2 and 107 kg/hm2,and the area of the recommended amount was 81 kg/hm2 is the largest.The recommended amount of potassium fertilizer was 48 kg/hm2,58 kg/hm2,64 kg/hm2 and 73 kg/hm2,which showed the opposite trend of potassium content in the soil.According to the recommendation,8 one-time fertilizer formulas and 9 one-time fertilizer formulas were designed for wheat in Henan Province.Among them,15-19-11,16-17-12 and 17-16-12 are the main fertilizer formulas,and 18-15-12 is the main formula in Xinyang City.4.The recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for maize is 180 kg/hm2 in low temperature area of plain and water-temperature coordination area,and 190 kg/hm2 for rainy and high temperature area.The recommended amount of phosphorus application is 68 kg/hm2,73 kg/hm2,88 kg/hm2,95 kg/hm2 and 105 kg/hm2.The minimum recommended amount of phosphorus(65 kg/hm2)is mainly distributed in the south of Nanyang City.There are four recommended dosages of potassium fertilizer:63 kg/hm2,71 kg/hm2,78 kg/hm2 and 83 kg/hm2.According to the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,nine maize fertilizer formulas were finally determined.Among them,formula 24-12-9,25-10-10 and 26-10-9 were maiuly distributed in the plain low temperature area and water temperature coordination area in the eastern part of Henan Province.5.The phenomena of excessive nitrogen fertilizer,unbalanced phosphorus fertilizer and low potassium fertilizer are common in wheat production in Henan Province.The average amount of habitual N,P,K application was 198,121,50 kg/hm2.Compared with the recommended nitrogen fertilizer in this study,can save an average of 42 kg/hm2 nitrogen in wheat production.In terms of total fertilizer saving,can save 231,000 tons of nitrogen and 88,800 tons of phosphorus,while potassium fertilizer needs 531,000 tons more in wheat production.The total yield increase of each area under formula was 96.05 million tons.In terms of economic benefits,this study designed fertilizer formula can increase 25.322 billion yuan of wheat production.In terms of environmental benefits,the total amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction of wheat in Henan Province under this formula is 348.65 × 104 t CO2 eq.6.The average amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer used in maize customary fertilization was 232 kg/hm2,62 kg/hm2 and 47 kg/hm2,respectively.Compared with the formula of maize fertilization in this study,the average potential of nitrogen saving of maize was 54 kg/hm2.In terms of total fertilizer-saving potential,the total Nitrogen-saving capacity of maize is 188,400 tons,while both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be increased.Among them,the total increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 38,100 tons and 83,600 tons respectively.The total yield increase of Maize under fertilization formula was 4.566 million tons,and the total economic income was 7.561 billion yuan,of which the income increased by maize production was 7.306 billion yuan.In terms of environmental benefits,the total amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction in Maize Planting under fertilization formula is 258.91×104 t CO2 eq.