Study On Chemical Fertilizer Consumption And Application Effect On Wheat And Maize In Henan Province

In order to understand the farmers fertilization status and fertilizerapplication effects on wheat and maize of Henan province,489field experimentaldata based on National Program of Soil-Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation ofHenan Province during2005～2009and Henan Statistical Yearbook data from1991to2011were analyzed, and the main conclusions are as follows:1. Nitrogen fertilizer with a higher amount is partially applied, phosphorus andpotassium fertilizer are lightly applied, and there are obvious differences in differentregions. The average rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O are222、98、38kg/ha on wheat,respectively, while they are234、36、20kg/ha on maize, respectively. From theregional point of view, N fertilizer rate on wheat appears Yubei>Yuxi> Yudong>Yunan> Yuzhong, P₂O₅fertilizer rate appears Yuzhong>Yuxi> Yubei>Yudong>Yunan, K₂O fertilizer rate appears Yudong>Yuxi, Yunan>Yubei; N fertilizer rate onmaize appears Yuzhong>Yubei>Yunan>Yudong, P₂O₅fertilizer rate appearsYuzhong>Yunan>Yubei>Yuxi>Yudong, K₂O fertilizer rate appears Yuzhong>Yudong, Yunan> Yuxi> Yubei.2. The wheat and maize yield were affected by chemical fertilizer significantly,and N＞P₂O₅＞K₂O. The average yields increase rate with N, P₂O₅, K₂O are38.5%,21.4%and13.9%on wheat, respectively, while are31.5%,14.8%and10.1%onmaize, respectively. From the regional point of view, the average yields increase ratewith N on wheat of Yubei, Yunan, Yuzhong, Yudong and Yuxi regions are33.0%,51.8%,32.5%,36.9%,38.2%, P₂O₅are23.5%,22.5%,19.3%,21.3%,20.3%, K₂O are14.1%,16.6%,12.4%,12.4%,14.0%， while the average yields increase rate withN on maize are26.7%,33.3%,33.5%,24.7%,34.4%, P₂O₅are15.8%,13.7%,13.6%,12.7%,18.2%, K₂O are11.5%,9.3%,10.0%,8.2%,11.5%.3. The average profits increase value on wheat and maize appears N＞P₂O₅＞K₂O. The average profits increase value of N, P₂O₅, K₂O on wheat of Henan provinceare1913,1183,773Yuan/ha, respectively, while the average profits increase value onmaize are1587,978,620Yuan/ha, respectively. From the regional point of view, Theaverage profits increase value on wheat of N in Yunan and Yudong regions are higher,about2200Yuan/ha, which of P₂O₅in Yubei and Yudong regions are higher, about1300Yuan/ha, and that of K₂O in Yunan region are higher, about890Yuan/ha, whilethe average profits increase value on maize of N, P₂O₅in Yuxi region are higher, about1869,1232Yuan/ha, respectively, which of in Yubei region are higher, about776Yuan/ha.4. AE of P₂O₅fertilizer are the highest, there are no obvious differences indifferent regions. AE of N, P₂O₅, K₂O on wheat of Henan province are10.0,11.7,8.3kg/kg, respectively, which are8.5,12.9,9.3kg/kg on maize, respectively. From theregional point of view, AE of N, P₂O₅on wheat in Yudong region are the highest,which are11.5,12.5kg/kg, respectively, AE of K₂O in Yunan region are the highest,it’s9.0kg/kg; AE of N, P₂O₅on maize in Yuxi region are the highest, which are9.3,14.9kg/kg, AE of K₂O in Yubei region are the highest, it’s11.1kg/kg.PFP of K₂O fertilizer are the highest. PFP of N, P₂O₅, K₂O on wheat of Henanprovince are40.3,75.7,76.8kg/kg, respectively, which are38.8,105.1,106.3kg/kgon maize, respectively. From the regional point of view, PFP of N, P₂O₅on wheat inYudong region are the highest, which are45.3,78.8kg/kg, respectively, PFP of K₂Oin Yuzhong region are the highest, it’s80.8kg/kg; PFP of N, P₂O₅,K₂O on maize inYubei region are the highest, which are39.3,106.7,109.6kg/kg.RE on wheat of Henan province appears on N＞P₂O₅＞K₂O, which on maizeappears on K₂O＞P₂O₅＞N. RE of N, P₂O₅, K₂O on wheat of Henan province are34.1%,22.6%,26.9%, respectively, which are25.0%,24.1%,38.9%on maize,respectively. From the regional point of view, RE of N on wheat in Yuzhong region arethe highest, which are47.2%, RE of P₂O₅in Yuxi region are the highest, it’s30.8%;RE of K₂O in Yunan region are the highest, it’s29.7%; RE of N, K₂O on maize inYunan region are the highest, which are33.5%,43.1%, RE of P₂O₅in Yuxi region arethe highest, it’s30.1%. FCR of Henan province appears on N＞P₂O₅＞K₂O. RE of N, P₂O₅, K₂O onwheat are24.7%,15.7%,11.1%, respectively, which are21.8%,12.1%,8.1%onmaize, respectively. From the regional point of view, FCR of N, K₂O on wheat inYunan region are the highest, which are29.5%,12.9%, FCR of P₂O₅in Yubei regionare the highest, it’s17.2%; FCR of N, P₂O₅on maize in Yuxi region are the highest,which are24.1%,14.4%; FCR of K₂O in Yubei region are the highest, which are9.9%.5. Average suitable rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O fertilizer on wheat are153,90,77kg/hm², respectively, which are185,69,66kg/hm²on maize. Average suitable rate ofN, P₂O₅, K₂O fertilizer on wheat in Yubei region are134,93,83kg/hm², which are167,61,68kg/hm²on maize; Average suitable rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O fertilizer on wheatin Yunan region are156,82,74kg/hm², which are187,77,66kg/hm²on maize;Average suitable rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O fertilizer on wheat in Yuzhong region are148,93,72kg/hm², which are178,68,68kg/hm²on maize; Average suitable rate of N,P₂O₅, K₂O fertilizer on wheat in Yudong region are169,106,88kg/hm², which are183,72,69kg/hm²on maize; Average suitable rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O fertilizer on wheatin Yuxi region are161,72,67kg/hm², which are206,69,54kg/hm²on maize.