Study On Harvesting Characteristics Of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia And Its Harvesting Equipment

Xanthoceras sorbifolia belongs to Xanthoceras Bunge of Sapindaceae,as the unique woody oil plant of China,of which the seed has a great value of development and utilization.The kernel has an oil rate of 58.4%,which can be directly used as senior edible oil for food processing,be processed to extract bio diesel,and be used as chemical raw materials.At present,Xanthoceras sorbifolia mainly grow in the mountains of hilly areas.Since this type of terrain is not suitable for large equipment operation and the tree height of Xanthoceras sorbifolia is up to 8 m,Xanthoceras sorbifolia is picked mainly by hand with scissors and in this way many workers are needed and the picking efficiency is low.Artificial ladder is needed to pick the Xanthoceras sorbifolia that grows in a high place and in this way,it is not only laborious,but also has certain security risks.The achievement of the mechanization for picking Xanthoceras sorbifolia and a portable Xanthoceras sorbifolia picking machine designed according to the growth characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,can not only effectively improve the picking efficiency,relieve fatigue of workers and effectively ensure the safety of workers,but also have a very good role in promoting the development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia industry.Therefore,it has important significance to study a portable Xanthoceras sorbifolia picking machine.In this paper,the physical and picking characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia were developed,and the equipment for picking Xanthoceras sorbifolia was designed.In addition,ergonomics evaluation of the equipment and field tests were completed.The main parts are as follows:(1)Field surveys were conducted to research the growth of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,measure physical properties of Xanthoceras sorbifolia fruits and the change rule of fruit stalk torsion.Practical measurement showed that the average weight of Xanthoceras sorbifolia fruits was 84.88 g,the average diameter was 59.33 mm,the average length was 62.88 mm,the average diameter of fruit stalks was 9.64 mm,the change interval of torque was 0.335-0.661(N-m)and it was found that the fruit stalk torsion had a downward trend with the increase of maturity.(2)Two kinds of picking equipment were designed according to the growth and picking characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.The advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of picking equipment were compared by using solid edge to draw 3D models and the Xanthoceras sorbifolia picking machine of knapsack and knob type was determined as the final processing scheme.The static analysis on a few machined parts was made by using ANSYS workbench.(3)The Xanthoceras sorbifolia picking machine of knapsack and knob type was developed and ergonomics analysis was made on it.Combined the fatigue energy of holding the lightweight portable equipment of different stretching length with the Borg value survey questionnaire,the fatigue degree evaluation model y=-0.435x2+2.569x+0.732 was established.The experiments comparing heart rates the contrast analysis on this model showed this Xanthoceras sorbifolia picking machine was more suitable for picking Xanthoceras sorbifolia and the picking efficiency of this picking machine was about 50 kg/h through field tests on the prototype.