Evaluation For Nutritional Values And Feeding Effects Of Chinese Herb Residues Before And After Fermentation In Pregnant Sows

With the rapid development and utilization of modern Chinese herb resources,the production of Chinese herb residues(CHR)has been rising year by year.The CHR contain a lot of nutrients and bioactive ingredients,and can be used for processing and reusing to save limited resources of Chinese herbs and reduce environmental pollution caused by CHR.In the present study,nutritional values of several CHR and fermented CHR were systematically evaluated,and the effects of CHR and fermented CHR on reproductive performance of pregnant sows were determined,as well as exploring the mechanism by measuring plasma biochemical parameters,antioxidant indexes,fecal microbe quantity and their metabolites.The aim of this study is to provide experimental basis for the development and reuse of the CHR as feed additives.The main results show that:1.Nutritional values of seven CHR.The residue of Gold Theragran has the highest content of crude protein(16.46%);the residue of Fuke Qianjin tablets has the highest contents of crude ash(12.56%),crude fiber(44.86%),acid detergent fiber(56.35%),and neutral detergent fiber(70.70%).The contents of amino acids in the CHR are 5.92%-14.96%.2.Changes of nutritional value before and after fermentation of six CHR.Compared with the CHR,the contents of crude protein in the fermented Residues of Jiuwei Gantai Capsules;Residues of Radix Bupleuri(RRB)No.1,No.2,and No.3;Residues of Wangzhonghua Oral Liquid(RWOL)No.l,No.2,and No.3;Residues of Radix Astragalus(RRA)No.2 and No.3;Residues of Kidney-nourishing;Brain-nonifying Liquid(RKBL)No.1 and compound CHR(CCHR)increased(P<0.05)by 59.63%;18.55%,66.17%,and 66.88%;26.27%,46.89%,and 48.69%;26.37%and 13.23%,13.38%,and 73.06%respectively.The contents of ether extract in the fermented RRB No.1,No.2,and No.3;RWOL No.1,No.2,and No.3;CCHR decreased(P<0.05)by 52.20%,44.70%,and 55.32%;19.29%,47.99%,and 54.49%;98.15%,respectively.The contents of crude fiber in the fermented RRB No.1,No.2,and No.3;RRA No.1,No.2,and No.3;RKBL No.1 and No.2;CCHR decreased(P<0.05)by 37.50%,36.84%,and 24.91%;23.24%,21.11%,and 28.62%;24.21%and 20.51%;60.37%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids in the fermented RRB No.1,No.2,and No.3;RRA No.1,No.2,and No.3;CCHR increased by 228.93%135.67%,and 201.97%;101.09%,95.87%,and 70.47%;17.57%,respectively.3.Feeding effects of the mixture CHR and fermented CHR in pregnant sows.Dietary supplementation with CHR or fermented CHR did not affect(P>0.05)the reproductive performance of sows.Compared with the control group,the content of plasma total protein in the fermented CHR group was significantly increased on day 114 of pregnancy(P<0.05),and the contents of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)in the CHR and fermented CHR groups were significantly increased on day 114 of pregnancy(P<0.05);on day 45 of pregnancy,the activity of plasma catalase(CAT)in the CHR and fermented CHR groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase(ALP)in the CHR and fermented CHR groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the fecal quantity of Bacteroidetes on days 30 and 90 of pregnancy in the CHR and fermented CHR groups increased(P<0.05);the fecal quantity of Lactobacillus in the CHR group decreased(P<0.05)and Firmicutes and Lactobacillus increased(P<0.05)in the fermented CHR group on day 90 of pregnancy.The contents of tryptamin,cadaverine,and total bioamine in the CHR group increased(P<0.05)on day 60 of pregnancy,as well as phenylethylamine,cadaverine,and total bioamine on day 90 of pregnancy;the contents of butyrate,tryptamine and phenylethylamine in the fermented CHR group on day 60 of pregnancy increased(P<0.05),as well as acetate,propionate,straight-chain fatty acid,total SCFA,spermine,cadaverine,and total bioamine on days 60 and 90 of pregnancy.In conclusion,seven CHR present various nutritional values;the microbial fermentation process can increase the contents of crude protein and amino acids,while decrease the contents of crude fiber and ether extract in the CHR,which improve their nutritional values;dietary supplementation with 1.5 kg/t CHR or fermented CHR had no effects on reproductive performance of sows,but to a certain extent,dietary supplementation with fermented CHR can improve the body metabolism and antioxidant function.It also can improve the balance of intestinal microflora,and increase the fecal contents of SCFA and some bioamines in pregnant sows,which benefit the intestinal health of host.