| Butyrate is generated together with other SCFA from non-digestible carbohydrates,such as non-starch polysaccharides,resistant starch,and miscellaneous low-digestible saccharides.Butyrate has been shown to have great potential in enhancing piglet health and performance.In the past few years,several reports have shown that butyrate could stimulate porcine adipocyte differentiation,induce metabolic adaptations in adipocytes of piglets.The Early development of adipose tissue in newborn piglets is very important,it can not only help the piglets to survive shortly after birth,but also impact the adipose deposition in further growing-finishing period.So far,sodium butyrate or butyrate has been shown to regulate lipid metabolism of pigs in vivo or in vitro,the effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate in neonatal piglets have not been well studied.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate on the lipid metabolism and liver metabolite profiles in neonatal piglets through oral sodium butyrate administration:1.Effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters,and cell morphology of backfat,the liver,and loin muscle in neonatal pigletsThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of early intervene with sodium butyrate on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters and cell morphology of backfat,the liver,and loin muscle in neonatal piglets.Ten litters of healthy neonatal piglets(10-11 piglets in each litter)from a commercial maternal line herd(Duroc x Landrace x Yokshire)were randomly assigned to the control or sodium butyrate treatment with 5 litters per treatment.From d 1 to 7,piglets in the sodium butyrate treatment were orally administered with 7-13 mL sodium butyrate solution(pH =7.4;150 mmol/L)per day(each half was given at 09:00 and 15:00 h).Piglets in the control treatment were treated with the same dose of physiological saline.All piglets were weaned on d 21.Piglets had free access to water,while no creep feed was provided during the suckling period.The piglets were weighed on d 1,7,14,and 21.Results showed that no differences in the body weight and relative gain of piglets were observed between the control and sodium butyrate treatments from d 1-21(P>0.05).Sodium butyrate treatment decreased the concentration of total cholesterol(P<0.05),and tended to decrease the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(P = 0.074),while no differences in the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,glucose,and triglyceride were found between 2 treatments on d 8.There were no differences in the detected serum metabolites on d 21(P>0.05).HE staining showed that sodium butyrate could stimulate the differentiation of backfat adipocytes on d 8(P<0.05),reduce the fat deposition in liver on day 8(P<0.05),and have no significant effect on the fat deposition in loin muscle adipocytes.To sum up,the effect of sodium butyrate on the growth performance of newborn piglets was not significant,but it could decrease the concentration of serum cholesterol and stimulate the differentiation of backfat adipocytes.2.Effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate on lipid metabolism related gene expression in the liver,backfat,and loin muscle in neonatal pigletsThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of early intervene with sodium butyrate on lipid metabolism related gene expression in the liver,loin muscle,and backfat in neonatal piglets.Tissues of the liver,backfat,and loin muscle were collected for further gene expression and morphology analysis.The results showed that,in the liver,sodium butyrate down-regulated the expression of genes SREBP-1c and FAS on d 8(P<0.05),while there was no difference in the expression of detected genes between the control and sodium butyrate treatments on d 21(P>0.05).In the backfat,the expression of genes FABP4,Leptin,PPARy,SREBP-1c,and ACOX1 in piglets treated with sodium butyrate was greater than that in the control treatment on d 8(P<0.05).Intervention with sodium butyrate significantly down-regulated the expression of genes ACC,PPARa,and PPARy on d 21.The relative expression of gene CPT-1? tended to increase with the administration of sodium butyrate on d 8(P = 0.065),however,the tendency was reversed on d 21(P =0.067).In the loin muscle,sodium butyrate treatment had no effect on the expression of detected genes on d 8,however,genes ACC and FAS in the sodium butyrate treatment was significantly down-regulated on d 21 as compared with the control treatment.These results suggest that sodium butyrate can induce the expression of backfat adipocytes differentiation-related genes and regulate the expression of metabolism-related genes.3.Effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate on liver metabolite profiles in neonatal pigletsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early sodium butyrate on the metabolic pathway of liver in neonatal piglets.The experimental design was the same as experiment one,and the liver tissue was collected.The liver metabolites were determined by gas chromatography with GC/MS.In general,a total of 108 metabolites were detected.On d 8,3 of the compounds(glucose-6-phosphate,monomethylphosphate,and mannitol)were enriched(P<0.05),whereas 6(glyceric acid,glyceric acid-3-phosphate,pyruvic acid,galactaric acid,N-Acetyl glucosamine,and uracil)were reduced(P<0.05)by sodium butyrate treatment(Table 6).Further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that sodium butyrate treatment had significant effects on glycolysis,gluconeogenesis,nucleotide sugars metabolism,inositol metabolism,and pentose phosphate pathway.On d 21,8 of the compounds(glucose,fructose,xylitol,galactopyranoside,glycolic acid,heptadecanoic acid,monomethylphosphate,and ascorbic acid)were enriched,whereas 2 of the compounds(glyceric acid-3-phosphate and mannose methoxyamine)were reduced(P<0.05)in the sodium butyrate treatment as compared with the control.Further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that sodium butyrate treatment had significant effects on glycolysis,gluconeogenesis,glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism.These results suggest that early intervention with sodium butyrate affects the metabolism of liver in neonatal pigs,mainly involved in the pathway of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism,increasing sugar consumption and reducing fat deposition... |
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