Effect Observation Of Luteolin On The Treatment Of Liver Injury Induced By Imidacloprid In Quail

Imidacloprid(IMI),a new high-efficiency insecticide developed from the detailed analysis of nicotine structure,is the earliest and most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide in the world.Because of its high activity,wide insecticidal spectrum,novel insecticidal mechanism and less cross-resistance with traditional insecticides,imidacloprid has been favored by the international market for 28 years.However,with the wide application of imidacloprid,the toxicity and environmental hazards have gradually attracted people's attention.Studies have shown that,in addition to destroying the central nervous system of pests,IMI can also cause da mage to tissues and organs of other non-target organisms through oxidative stress.Liver fibrosis is the process of recovery from liver injury and it is also known as pathological repair of inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver.Liver will be performance as chronic inflammation and liver fibrosis if there are existed long-term oxidative stress,a large number of inflammatory factors and liver injury.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the potential mechanism of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis induced by IMI.Luteolin is widely distributed in various edible plants and traditional medicinal plants.Lut behaves strong biological activity,such as anti-tumor,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and immune regulation.This paper was designed to investigate whether Lut can alleviate liver injury induced by IMI,including the development of hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis.Through IMI dose-dependent test and Lut intervention trials,we explored the role of Lut alleviate the development of chronic inflammatory process and liver fibrosis induced by IMI exposure.The healthy quails with body weight of 90-105 g was randomly divided into groups(n=10).The quails in IMI dose-dependent test was administered with IMI at 0,2,4,8 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks,while they were performed with 6 mg/kg/day in the Lut intervention trials.Quails were given water and food freely throughout the experiment.The temperature was controlled at 23-27 °C and the humidity was maintained at 50%.The body weight,feed intake,and activity status were measured weekly during the test;the effects of IMI on red blood cells and hemoglobin we re investigated using a hemocytometer and Hb kit;serum AST and ALT activities and TC and TG contents were measured,the liver antioxidant levels were detected by the superoxide dismutase(SOD)kit,Glutathione(GSH)kit and malondialdehyde(MDA)kit;pathological damage of liver tissue was observed by HE staining,Marshmallow trichrome staining,and oil red O staining;the m RNA levels of growth transfer factor-?(TGF-?),vimentin(VIM),collagen type I(collagen I),MMP-2,MMP-9,benzoquinone oxidoreductase(NQO1),heme oxygenation Enzyme 1(HO-1),interleukin-1?(IL-1?),interleukin-6(IL-6),I?B? and IKBKB were detection by q PCR;using Western Blot detect the concentration of NF-?B,p NF-?B,Nrf2 and TNF-?.The results showed that: with the increase of IMI dose,liver damage become more serious,and increased inflammation and fibrosis,Meanwhile,exposure to IMI showed more serious Oxidative stress levels,higher concentrations of lipid peroxidation product MDA,and low concentrations of GSH levels and low activity SOD.Another test showed that the content or gene expression of TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6 and other inflammatory factors in the IMI treatment group was significantly reduced by Lut intervention,at the same time,the gene expression of TGF-?,VIM,collagen I and other fibrosis indicators.The expression level was significantly decreased,as MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly lower,indicating that liver inflammation and liver fibrosis induced by IMI were effectively alleviated,and liver oxidative damage was significantly reduced(P<0.05).Lut promotes Nrf2 entry into the nucleus through the Nrf2 pathway,increases the levels of NQ O1 and HO-1,effectively reduces NF-?B phosphorylation,thereby reducing the production of inflammatory factors and TGF-?1,thereby alleviating the development of liver inflammation and fibrosis.In summary,Lut enhances the body's antioxidant capacity,activates NF-?B activation,reduces inflammatory factors and TGF-?1 production,and alleviates liver inflammation and fibrosis development by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway,thereby alleviating hepatotoxicity of IMI.effect.In this study,Lut was applied to IMI-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis prevention and control to provide a practical basis for the prevention of livestock and poultry health.