Study On The Effect Of Different Chemical Treatments On Emasculation In Grapes

Due to grapes’ floral organs are tiny and dense,manual emasculation and hydrazination is time and effort-consuming,which extremely limits the efficiency of grapes’ crossbreeding.Therefore,with Zaoheibao and Flame Seedless as testing materials sprayed Maleic Hydrazide,Colchicine and Sodium Azide of various content before their anthesis to emasculate,this study has tested and observed the change of forms of grapes’ pollens and buds,vibrancy of pollens,dynamic change of fertilization in vivo and the content of K,Ca,Mg elements by fluorescent staining,ICP-MS,and the SEM.By doing so,this study aims to select the most suitable way for chemical emasculation of grapes,serving as the technical support for effective crossbreeding of grapes.The major results are as follows:1.All mentioned treatments reduced the vibrancy of grapes’ pollens involved in the experiment.Among them,the vibrancy of the two kinds of grapes’ pollen were significantly reduced after using Colchicine of 2×103 mg/L and Sodium Azide of 1.2×10^-3 mg/L,5×10^-3 mg/L,and 2.5×10-2 mg/L.2.Grapes’ floral organs all were changed in their forms in varying degrees（the filament shortened,anther fallen off,stigma malnourished,stylet shortened,ovary structure disrupted）after using chemicals of three different concentrations,Sodium Azide >Maleic Hydrazide >Colchicine.3.Maleic Hydrazide,Colchicine and Sodium Azide of three different concentrations all have reduced the contents of K,Ca,Mg and B elements,and order is: K element > Ca element > Mg element > B element.4.Taking the pollen viability,the change in shape of floral organs,elements content and other factors into consideration,the conclusion can be made that the more suitable way to emasculate grapes by chemicals is to spray Sodium Azide of 1.2×10^-3 mg/L.