The Effect Of SH1 And Y-1 Interstocks On Growth And Physiological Characteristics Of Fuji Apples

Dwarf and dense planting has the advantages of high quality,high efficiency and early fruiting,which has become inevitable trend of apple production.In this experiment,the cultivar "No.2 changfu" grafted on the interstock of SH1 and Y-1,used as material,which grafed on the rootstock of Malus micromalus.The effects of different interstocks on the leaf structure,photosynthetic characteristics,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and fruit quality of apple trees were studied.The results provided a theoretical basis for selecting dwarfing interstocks in different places.The main results were as follows:1.Compared with SH1 dwarfing interstock,the growth of apple trees on Y-1 was moderate,which was beneficial to dwarf tree and the development of flowering buds.The branch length.on Y-1 was significantly lower than that of the SH1.The short branch rate(64.43%)was significantly higher than the SH1(44.45%),and the long branch ratio(10.50%)was significantly lower than the SH1(19.21%).The length of autumn shoots was significantly shorter than that of SH1.Leaf thickness and specific leaf weight were higher than that of SH1 tree,but the difference was not significant.2.The chlorophyll content and net photo synthetic rate of Y-1 were significantly lower than that of SH1 at before 80 d after flowering,and Y-1 was significantly higher than SH1 at after 80 d after flowering.At 60 days after flowering,the Fv/Fm,?PSII and ETR of Y-1 were significantly lower than that of SH1,the light saturation point was lower than SH1,compensation point was higher than SH1,NPQ was significantly higher than SH1.And OPSII,ETR and qP of SH1 were significantly lower than Y-1 at 120 d after flowering.3.The total soluble sugar and starch content in SH1 were higher than that in Y-1 during 30-80 d after flowering,and lower than Y-1 during 105-180 d after flowering.The total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in SH1 were higher than Y-1 during the whole growth stage.And the nitrate reductase and protein content in SH1 were higher than that of Y-1 during 30-80 d after flowering,and lower than Y-1 during 30-80 d after flowering.The ratio of carbon to nitrogen of Y-1 was always higher than that of SH1 during the whole growth period.4.The thickness of palisade tissue,ratio of palisade tissue to leaf thickness and the radio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue of Y-1 were higher than that of SH1.The xylem area,ratio of material to cross sectional area,and ratio of wood to bark of Y-1 were significantly lower than that of SHI.5.Compared with SH1,the fruit weight of Y-1 increased by 17.73%,the soluble solids in the fruit increased by 4.53%,the titratable acid content decreased by 4.25%,and the radio solid to acid increased by 9.13%.In addition,the Y-1 coloring index increased by 11.62%,and the finish increased by 32.43%.Texture analyzer measurements showed that the springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,and resilience of Y-1 were significantly higher than those of SH1.Compared with SHI,the early photosynthetic capacity and vegetative growth of Y-1 were weak,but its photosynthetic capacity was enhanced in the later period,which was in favor of post-accumulation of nutrients,making it easy improve the quality.And the fuji apple trees grafted Y-1 interstocks growed moderately and had strong resistant.