Effects Of Different Mulching Methods On Quality And Yield Of Potato In Dry Farming

In order to investigate the effects of different filming conditions on the increase of potato production in arid areas of Shaanxi Province under different cultivation conditions(fertility and irrigation methods),a comparative experiment of different film-covering cultivation methods was conducted in two experimental sites of Yulin and Xunyi.In Xunyi,with open field cultivation as a control,the differences in seedling emergence rate,yield,economic benefit and physiological index of Kexin No.1 under five kinds of coating methods(covered with black film,covered with white film,white film cover soil,cover albuginea punch,and overlay white film perforated cover soil)were studied.The results showed that among the six film-covering cultivation methods,the highest seedling emergence rate was white film after punching,which was 95.6%;the highest average yield was albuginea perforation and cover soil,which was 2011kg/mu;the commodity rates were slightly fluctuating(46%-52%),but the difference is not significant;the highest economic benefit is white film perforated soil,which is 1951 yuan/mu.Compared with open field cultivation,the potato yield under the five film-mulching cultivation methods increased,but the yield per mu under the perforated soil cover method was 2678 kg/mu.Therefore,from the point of view of yield-increasing potential,the best cultivation method was white film perforated soil.A multi-factor analysis was conducted at the Yulin Experimental Station.The yield and quality of eight potato Varieties(Xixuan W1504,Kexin No.1,Xixuan W1606,Xixuan W1601,Xixuan W1503,Xixuan W1702,Xixuan W1605,and Shepody)under three plastic mulching methods(open field cultivation,film cultivation,film-covered with soil)were compared between the two soil types under the two fertility levels.The emergence rate of the eight varieties under three plastic mulching methods under four cultivation conditions(single fertilizer in water,twice fertilizer in water,one fertilizer in dry land,and twice fertilizer in dry land)showed that the emergence rate was from high to low was planted in open field(69%-87%),covered soil(64%-79%),and film-covered with soil(41%-44%).There was a significant difference in the emergence rate among the three methods.The commodity potato rates of the eight varieties under three plastic mulching methods showed that the commodity potato rate did not have a consistent change rule under four different cultivation conditions.Under the condition of single-fertilizer cultivation in water,there was no significant difference in the commodity potato rate(60%-61%)between the three plastic mulching methods;Under the cultivation conditions of double fertilizer in water field and double fertilizer in dry land,the commodity potato rate among the three filming methods showed a significant difference,from high to low is film-covered with soil,filming cultivation,and open field;Dry land twice-fertilizer cultivation conditions the commodity potato rates(40%)was significantly higher than that of the coated soil and open field cultivation.There was no significant difference between the coated soil and the open field cultivation,both being 36%.The yields of the eight varieties under the three plastic mulching methods showed that there was a significant difference in the yield between the three types of plastic film under four cultivation conditions,and both high to low were film-covered with soil(1460-3109 kg/mu),open field cultivation(1270-2815 kg/mu),film culture(700-1775 kg/mu).The economic benefits of the eight varieties under the three mulching methods showed that there were significant differences in economic benefits among the three mulching methods under the four cultivation conditions.Both high to low were mulching(1026-4186 yuan/mu),open cultivation(994-3476 yuan/mu),film-covered cultivation(519-2295 yuan/mu).The dry matter content and starch content of the eight varieties under the three coating methods showed that there were significant differences between the three coating methods under four cultivation conditions.The dry matter content and starch content under the filming cultivation conditions were lower than those of the other two coating methods,but there was no consistent variation between the two methods of open cultivation and film-covered soil,it shows that the film coating method has no significant effect on the dry matter content and starch content of potato.The anthocyanin content of three potato cultivars(Xixuan W1503,Xixuan W1605 and Kexin No.1)under three coating methods showed that the anthocyanin content of potato cultivars was significantly different among the three mulching methods under four cultivation conditions.In addition to the highest anthocyanin content in the film-covered cultivation conditions of the Xixuan W1605,the other two varieties did not show any significant regularity,indicating that the anthocyanin content is less affected by the coating method and may have a strong correlation with the variety characteristics.The protein content of three potato varieties(Xixuan W1503,Xixuan W1605 and Kexin No.1)under three coating methods showed that the protein content of the three potato varieties showed significant differences among the three coating methods only under some cultivation conditions,and no significant changes were observed among the three varieties,indicating that there was no significant correlation between potato protein content and coating methods.The results of the research on the experimental sites of two different climatic environments in Xunyi and Yulin indicate that suitable mulching and punching soil covering method is suitable for Xunyi area,and the plastic mulching cultivation method in Yulin area is suitable.This study provided the basis and guidance for potato adaptation in the production areas of the above two regions.