The Study On Individual Evaluation Of The Optimized Selective Group Of Paeonia Ostii ’Feng Dan’

Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’ is the main current cultivated cultivar of oil peony.There are great differences in different plants.In order to further increase the productivity of this traditional cultivar,good varieties are selected for oil use.The production of peony has a special important role.In this study,the phenophase and phenotypic traits of the optimized selective group of 278 ‘Feng Dan’ plants were comprehensively observed,and their seed ratios,oil extraction ratios,and the main fatty acid components were systematically analyzed and determined for the purpose of providing excellent germplasm materials with new varieties of oil-used peony for Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’.The main results of this research are as follows:1.The observation of the phenological period shows that there are significant differences between the phenological periods of different plants.And with the increasing of the temperature,the differences in phenological period between different plants are gradually decreased.There is a great potential of phenology in seed selection.Five plants including FD-259,FD-43,FD-54,FD-181,and FD-232 bloomed earlier,and thirteen plants including FD-199,FD-168,FD-79,FD-83,FD-84,FD-86,FD-110,FD-111,FD-190,FD-195,FD-210,FD-230,and FD-265 flowered later,and other six plants have a longer florescence such as FD-45,FD-43,FD-49,FD-55,FD-156,and FD-181.2.Through the observation and analysis of the 34 phenotypic traits,the results showed that the differences among different plants were significant,with an average coefficient of variation 30.4% and strong selectivity.Comparing and analyzing the plants with good single traits,the eight high yielding plants were FD-74,FD-30,FD-107,FD-211,FD-70,FD-42,FD-91,and FD-253,and the seven larger ones were FD-158,FD-42,FD-199,FD-270,FD-34,FD-27,and FD-88.The nine larger diameter plants were FD-270,FD-27,FD-42,FD-212,FD-40,FD-180,FD-163,FD-183,and FD-162.The plants with 9 follicles was FD-245.The number of the plants with 8 follicles is 19,and the nine plants FD-260,FD-27,FD-236,FD-199,FD-158,FD-109,FD-228,FD-159 and FD-62 have bigger seed size.3.Correlation analysis of traits showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between yield-related traits such as the number of new shoots,crown shade size,number of fruit,and yield per plant.The fruit-related traits such as the seed number in a fruit,fruit diameter,and fruit weight were extremely positive correlation.The trait cluster analysis results are consistent with the correlation analysis results.According to the correlation analysis and cluster analysis of the traits,26 principal traits related to economic traits were selected for principal component analysis.And six principal components were extracted and the cumulative contribution rate reached 80.443%.We Calculated the comprehensive score of each plant which based on the principal component comprehensive score equation,and divided the 278 plants into 5 categories according to the full-distance decile method.The number of 18 excellent plants are such as FD-107,FD-116,FD-74,FD-91,FD-30,FD-112,FD-70,FD-253,FD-239,FD-211,FD-11,FD-20,FD-106,FD-185,FD-31,FD-45,FD-29,and FD-42.4.The seed kernel ratio,oil extraction ratio and seed oil compositio of 5 categories and 18 elite plants of ‘Feng Dan’ were determined.The results indicate that there are significant differences in seed kernel ratio,oil extraction ratio,and the fatty acid composition among the five categories.The seed kernel ratio of 18 elite plants is 2.13-2.26,and the oil extraction ratio is 32.72%-34.85%.The four plants FD-211,FD-31,FD-42,and FD-106 had superior seed-peel ratios.The three plants FD-42,FD-145,and FD-31 exhibited high oil extraction ratio.Seed oils of four plants FD-70,FD-211,FD-239,and FD-253 contained higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids.The seed oils of six plants FD-70,FD-106,FD-145,FD-31,FD-185,and FD-239 have higher total fatty acid content.Seed oils of four plants FD-70,FD-211,FD-239,and FD-253 are high in unsaturated fatty acids.The total fatty acid content of seed oils of 6 plants such as FD-70,FD-106,FD-145,FD-31,FD-185,and FD-239 was high.The correlation analysis reveal that the total unsaturated fatty acid content is significantly negatively correlated with palmitic acid and stearic acid content and is positively correlated with linolenic acid content;the linolenic acid content is extremely significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content.5.Through the observation of phenology,phenotypic traits,and oil quality analysis,18 elite plants were evaluated comprehensively.In summary,the elite plants have excellent performance in yield and seed oil quality,and are high-quality breeding materials.