Study On The Breeding And Cultivation Mode Of Yacon In Jiuquan Area

Yacon(Smallanthus sonchifolius)is also called chrysanthemum potato,snowdrop potato,ground ginseng fruit,ya dragon fruit,yaagan,etc.In botany,it is a bicotyledonous perennial herb which belongs to juju sunflower family.Yacon has a high value in utrition,medicinal purpose and processing.However,the natural conditionof Jiuquan district characterized by frost-free period of 150 days can not meet the needs of Yacon’ growth period of 280 days without any supporting facilities.Therefore,the research aims to study Yacon’s facilities seedling technique during the reproductive period to solve the problems of Yacon’s field cultivar and promotion in Jiuquan city.1.The influence of different matrix and seedling dish on Yacon’s seedling growth.The influence of different matrix and seedling dish on Yacon’s seedling growth was studied by 9 treatment ways of high-quality Yacon bulb with three types of substrate and three types of seedling container.The results show: Self-aligning sunstrate and 10 cm x 10 cmfeeding block cultivation containers are the best choice for Yacon bulb seeding.According to the statistics on the 50 th day of growth,the germination rate is 98% on average and the average height of is up to 15 cm.2.Rapid propagation technique that separates axillary bud of Yacon from body.In the initial research,the induction of adventitious bud was studied by designing three types of treatment of MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.01、MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.1、MS+6-BA1.0+NAA1.0 with axillary bud of Yacon.The results show: MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.1 is the most appropriate medium for Yacon’s initial culture with the highest coefficient of induction of adventitious bud 3.16.In subculture,the induction of adventitious bud was studied by designing eight types of treatment of MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.1、MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.5、MS+6-BA1.5+NAA0.1、MS+6-BA1.5+NAA0.5、MS+6-BA2.0+NAA0.1、MS+6-BA2.0+NAA0.5、MS+6-BA2.5+NAA0.1、MS+6-BA2.5+NAA0.5 with adventitious bud from initial culture induction.The results show: in subculture,MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L has the best multiplication and the highest adventitious bud multiplication coefficient,with 4.85 times.In rooting culture,rooting rate was studied by designing four types of treatment of 1/2MS+NAA0.1、1/2MS+NAA0.3、1/2MS+NAA0.6、1/2MS+NAA1.0 with adventitious bud from subculture.The results show: 1/2MS+NAA0.3 is the best rooting medium,with 96% rooting rate.What’s more,the root of adventitious bud is strong and has large hairy root and high transplanting survival rate.3.The influence of cutting in different parts of Yacon on the cutting survival rate.The cutting survival rate in different treatment was studied by designing four types of treatments of 2 kinds of materilal and 2 kinds of management condition with cutting section from Yacon bulb and lateral bud of stem.The results show: the cutting section from Yacon bulb can easily survive.The survival rate is 100% after 10 days in two treatments.The survival rate of cutting branch from lateral bud of stem is 86% in the cultivation bed with the shade net in the greenhouse and 100% in the cultivation bed without the shade net in the greenhouse.4.The influence of different seedling age on rate of marketable fruit.The influence of different seedling age on rate of marketable fruit and yield per plant was studied with Yacon seedling of different seedling age.The results show: The various indicators of seedlings with 150 d seedling age are the highest.The rate of marketable fruit is 89.8%.The yield per plant is 5.28 kg.5.Different cultivation patterns on rate of marketable fruit,yield of per plant and sugar content.different cultivation patterns on rate of marketable fruit,yield of per plant and sugar content was studied by designing three types of treatments with big seedlingof 150 d growing from Yacon bulb.The results show: The best cultivation patterns with the highest yield is vegetable substrate slot in solar greenhouse by which the yield can reach to 4.6kg.The best cultivation patterns with the highest sugar content is high ridge and plastic mulching seedlings in field by which the whole sugar content is 14.5%.6.This research eliminated the negative factors that restrict the cultivation and promotion of Yacon in Jiuquan district.