| In view of the unreasonable application of fertilizers for many years in the cultivation process of vegetables at hilly area of southern Ningxia,causing problems such as large soil volume,easy compaction,low yield,poor quality,and ecological balance destruction were investigated.This study used cabbage as test material,according to field experiments to explore the laws of dry matter accumulation and nutrient requirements in cabbage,clarify the interaction effect between nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.At the same time,the effects of fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on the growth,quality,yield and soil of cabbage were discussed,to achieve the maximum utilization efficiency of fertilizers,ensure stable production and increase yield of cabbage,improve quality,increase economic returns,and provide scientific basis for reasonable fertilization of cabbage.The main findings of this article were as follows:(1)Compared with N0P0K0 control,NOP2K2,N2P0K2,N2P2K0,and N2P2K2 all could promote the growth of the cabbage plant,increase the biomass and dry matter accumulation,enhance photosynthesis,and increase the yield significantly,among them,the performance of each index under N2P2K2 processing was optimal,N0P2K2 treatment has the least promoting effect on each index and runs through the whole growth period of cabbage.Nitrogen was the first factor that affected the growth and development of cabbage,followed by phosphorus and potassium.The absorption of nutrients during the growing period of cabbage showed N>K>P.The nutrient requirement law was as follows:seedling stage N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.20:0.58,rosette stage N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.20:0.55.The pre-ball stage N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.21:0.69,the mid-balloon N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.19:0.66,and the late ball stage N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.18:0.69.During the period of rosette and late flowering,the absorption of nutrients was vigorous.The NPK total fertilizer treatment had the best nutrient uptake efficiency and the highest fertilizer use efficiency.Compared with other treatments,the N,P and K fertilizer use efficiency increased by 65.44%～94.06%,50.04％～74.11%,and 27.79%～84.06%,respectively.Under NOP2K2 nitrogen-free treatment,the content of nitrate in cabbage was lower,N2P0K2 without phosphorus treatment had the highest content of Vc,N2P2K0 potassium-free treatment had the lowest content of soluble sugar,and N,P and K had three different effects on the quality of cabbage.The combination of N,P and K fertilizers could exert the biggest fertilizer effect.(2)The growth rate of the plant height and the number of leaf layers of cabbage grown under 20%reduction in chemical fertilizer application treatment were faster,and the photosynthetic indexes reached a greater value,the dry matter accumulation was better.At the same time,the absorption of N,P,and K in the upper part was increased significantly,and the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,biological yield,economic yield,and economic coefficient reached a high level,and there was no significant difference from CF100%treatment.The reduction of chemical fertilizers and application of organic fertilizer could improve the soil environment,reduce the pH and increase the soil fertility,and have a better effect on the quality of cabbage.Among them,the contents of nitrate in cabbage under low-temperature treatment of CF60%+OM20%was 162.34 mg/kg,and Vc content and soluble sugar content were higher,reaching 444.63 mg/kg and 3.45%.Overall,for shorter growing cabbages,20%reduction of chemical fertilizer had the best effect on the growth and yield of cabbage,and 40%reduction of chemical fertilizer application with corresponding organic fertilizer had the best effect on the quality improvement of cabbage. |
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