| In response to the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate,poor quality of table grapes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountaion,the 7-year-old table grape of "Red Globe" was used as the test object.It was used to study the laws of dry matter accumulation,absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and the utilization of N,P and K in the whole growth period of the Red Globe grape;and explore the NPK fertilizer application standards;explore its appropriate ratio supplementing with organic fertilizer replacement for reducing the amount of NPK fertilizer application,improving the yield and quality of table grapes,increasing economic returns.The main study results as follows:(1)The dynamic change rule of Red Globe grape grape nutrients was as follows:the dry matter quality was slightly larger than the leaf,the leaf was larger than the petiole before the enlargement period,the leaf was larger than the shoot,slightly larger than the petiole after the color change period.The distribution pattern of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were more than shoots,shoots were larger than petioles,and fruit had different changes with the other three organs.In the whole growth period,shoots and leaves had more nitrogen than potassium and phosphorus.Petiole had more potassium than nitrogen and phosphorus.Fruit had more potassium than nitrogen and phosphorus.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in shoots,leaves,and petioles decreased during the maturation stage,but the nutrients in the fruits increased,indicating that nutrients in shoots,leaves,and petiole migrated to the fruit during the ripening period.(2)Under the condition of drip irrigation,the utilization rate of nitrogen was 45.11%and that of furrow application was 26.03%.Compared with drip irrigation,drip irrigation was significantly improved by 73%in both fertilization methods.The utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer was 33.01%when drip irrigation and 21.88%when ditch application,drip irrigation was 50%higher than drip irrigation.The utilization rate of potash fertilizer was 33.07%for drip irrigation,and 25.65%for furrow application,drip irrigation was 29%higher than that of furrow irrigation.(3)In the germination and flowering stages,the application of nitrogen was 166 kg/hm2,phosphorus was applied at 123 kg/hm2,and potassium application was 41 kg/hm2.During the expansion period,nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 51 kg/hm2,phosphorus was applied at 122 kg/hm2,and potassium application was 139 kg/hm2.During the color conversion phase,89 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was applied,which required 46 kg/hm2 of phosphorus and 121 kg/hm2 of potassium,and 54 kg/hm2 of nitrogen,21 kg/hm2 of phosphorus and 147 kg/hm2 of potassium.(4)When nitrogen and phosphorus were reduced by 33%,there was no significant change in yield and economic efficiency.If the reduction continues,it would significantly reduce the yield of grapes and reduce the economic benefits.Therefore,the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus cannot exceed 33%.However,due to the reduction of potassium application,soluble sugar was significantly reduced by 33%to 45%,and the ratio of sugar to acid which affected the taste of grapes was significantly reduced,therefore,it is recommended that potassium should not be reduced.(5)The photosynthesis of Red Globe grapes could be improved when chemical fertilizers are used instead of organic fertilizers,and when 60%of fertilizers were combined with 40%of organic fertilizers,the yield of Red Globe grapes was the largest.The fruit quality was significantly increased with the increase of organic substitution.With the increase of organic fertilizer substitution,the heavy metal content of soil would increase,but it was far less than the standard limit,would not cause harm to crops,but also could increase the available metal content in the soil,could effectively increase soil organic matter and other nutrient content.Therefore,the most suitable organic-inorganic ratio was 60%of fertilizer and 40%of organic fertilizer. |
PDF Full Text Request