| Camellia oleifera Abel.is a special edible oil tree in China.Good vegetative growth in young forest stage can lay the foundation for flowering and fruiting in reproductive stage.Therefore,the management of water and fertilizer in young forest stage is one of the key techniques for high yield cultivation.The traditional management mode of water and fertilizer in young forest is time-consuming and labor consuming,high economic cost,low utilization ratio of water and fertilizer,and causes soil erosion and environmental pollution.How to further strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in the young forest,improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and save the cost is an increasingly concerned problem for enterprises and large farmers.Water and fertilizer integration technology has been widely used in agricultural production,with water saving,fertilizer saving,labor saving,high efficiency and environmental protection and many other advantages.The effects of water and fertilizer integration technology on the growth of Camellia oleifera plantation were compared and analyzed.The main findings are as follows:1.The integrated technology of water and fertilizer has better promoting effect on young tree of Camellia oleifera than traditional fertilization method.2.The integrated technology of water and fertilizer has a better promoting effect on the tree height growth of Camellia oleifera.The average tree height from 2014 to 2016 was59.04 cm and 86.24 cm and 73.6 cm higher than that of the traditional fertilization method(drip irrigation furrow application,as control).The effect of water and fertilizer integration on spring shoot length was greatest in treatment 3-A,with the average spring shoot length up to 24.94 cm,and the treatment 1 with the least effect on spring shoot length,and the maximum shoot diameter was treatment 2 with an average diameter of 3.43 cm and the treatment 1with the least effect on spring shoot diameter.The number of flower buds in treatment 3 was higher than the others.For example,the treatment 3-A,3-B and 3-D are have large number of flower buds.The treatment 1 and 2 just have small number of flower buds in this experiment.3.It was found that the nutrient absorption range of young Camellia oleifera trees was from 40%to 60%.4.The ground diameter and crown width of young tea-oil trees which were control by integrated technology of water and fertilizer were better than them control by traditional managements.The average crown from 2014 to 2016 control by integrated technology of water and fertilizer were 0.24m~2,0.38m~2,0.78m~2 higher than the control by traditional managements,respectively.The average crown amplitude product was 344.45%,334.78%,358.82%more than that in the year without drip irrigation.The average ground diameter in2014-2016 was 1.23 cm,2.04 cm,2.32 cm higher than that without drip irrigation and fertilizer,respectively,and the elevation range was as high as 97.62%,137.84,124.73%respectively.5.Soil pH value,water content,bulk density and soil porosity in young Camellia oleifera forest in surface and deep soil were studied.The results indicated that these physical properties were improved in integrated technology of water and fertilizer.Such as the soil pH value was 0.16 higher than the control,the deep soil was 0.39 higher,the water content was 1.10%and 1.18%higher than the surface layer,the bulk density was higher than that of the surface layer,the soil porosity was improved by 1.18%,and the soil pH value was 0.16 higher than that of the control,and the water content of the deep soil was increased by 1.10%and 1.18%.The deep soil decreased by 0.04 g/cm~3 and 0.06 g/cm~3,while the porosity of the deep soil was increased by 4.31%and 5.00%,respectively.6.The integrated technology of water and fertilizer can significantly improve the nutrient content in forest soil.For example,the available N and K contents in the surface soil of forestland were increased by 39.5%and 11.3%,respectively,and the increases of available N,available P and K in deep soil reached 42.8%and 19.7%,respectively. |
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