Effects Of Lean Management Of Water And Fertilizer On The Growth,Yield And Quality Of Flue-Cured Tobacco In Ganzhou Tobacco Growing Area

In this paper,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of conventional furrow irrigation and different taxes and fees lean management on the growth and development of tobacco,physiological characteristics of leaves,and the quality of cured tobacco leaves.The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of water and fertilizer lean management technology in Ganzhou Tobacco and its effects on tobacco.The growth and development regulation mechanism provides scientific basis and relevant theoretical basis for the promotion and application of water and fertilizer lean management in Ganzhou tobacco area.The main test results are as follows:(1)Under the lean management of water and fertilizer,flue-cured tobacco entered the regimental stage,the maturation stage of the leaf and the maturation of the parietal lobe were earlier than the conventional furrow irrigation and fertilization.The water and fertilizer lean management can shorten the growth period of the flue-cured tobacco in the field for 5 days,avoiding it at the late growth stage of the tobacco plant.The late-maturing gluttonin promoted the late-maturing yellowness of tobacco leaves.Compared with conventional furrow irrigation,water and fertilizer lean management had no obvious effect on increasing the pitch and effective leaf number of flue-cured tobacco,but the plant height,stem circumference and maximum leaf area increased significantly by 10.50%,3.79% and 10.32%.At the same time,the supply of water and nutrients is sufficient,and the field looks better.(2)The effect of lean management of water and fertilizer on root growth of flue-cured tobacco was not ideal,but the root length,root volume,and root index of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly by 5.16%,24.38%,and 21.52% compared with conventional furrow irrigation.The root system of flue-cured tobacco grows well.Compared with conventional furrow irrigation,fertilization is conducive to the formation of an ideal root morphology.The total absorption area,active absorption area,specific surface area,root activity,and ATPase activity of flue-cured tobacco were significantly increased by 21.02%,18.54%,16.67%,37.56%,and 25.43% compared with conventional furrow irrigation treatments.The root activity and metabolism of flue-cured tobacco were significantly increased.Stronger.(3)Compared with conventional furrow irrigation treatment,the dry matter index of flue-cured tobacco,such as above-ground fresh weight,fresh root weight,aboveground dry weight and dry weight of roots,were increased by 13.05%,25.86%,and 19.60,respectively,under water and fertilizer lean management.% and 23.36%,while the root to shoot ratio was decreased by 9.58%,and there was a significant difference in dry matter accumulation indicators between water and fertilizer lean management and conventional furrow irrigation.(4)Photosynthetic rate of net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco leaves were significantly increased by 20.84%,71.42%,47.21% and 80.04%,respectively,compared with conventional furrow irrigation treatments.The intercellular CO2 concentration in leaves was significantly reduced by 19.44%.Under the lean management of water and fertilizer,the dynamic curve of chlorophyll fluorescence was changed smoothly and △Wk was significantly decreased.The water and fertilizer lean management treatment can effectively clear the energy transfer chain and increase the activity of oxygen-evolving complex OEC in the PSII electron donor side.Compared with conventional furrow irrigation treatments,the ABS/CSo,TRo/CSo and EPo/CSo of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly under the lean management of water and fertilizer,which was significantly higher than that of conventional furrow irrigation and DIo/CSo was significantly lower.At the same time,the Vj and φDo of flue-cured tobacco significantly decreased under water-fertilizer lean management,while Ψo and φEo both increased significantly,and PIABS,PItotal,and Fv/Fm both increased significantly.Under water-fertilizer lean management,photosynthetic activity of flue-cured tobacco increased rapidly,manifested as increased photochemical efficiency and Strong adjustment ability.(5)The incidence of black shank disease,brown spot disease,and mosaic disease in flue-cured tobacco decreased by 39.19%,20.67%,and 20.71% compared with conventional furrow irrigation treatment,and the disease index decreased by 20.62%,22.98%,and 24.82%,and the differences in the occurrence of disease between the two treatments were significant.The management of water and fertilizer lean can effectively reduce the incidence and disease index of diseases such as black shank,black spot disease,and mosaic disease in flue-cured tobacco field.(6)Compared with conventional furrow irrigation,in addition to the maturity of tobacco leaves,the color,leaf structure,identity,oil,color,leaf structure,softness and luster of tobacco leaves after lean management under water and fertilizer lean management have different degrees.improve.After baking,the physical characteristics such as leaf thickness,leaf weight,and stem percentage were significantly reduced by 12.32%,21.49%,and 13.03% compared with conventional furrow irrigation,and the leaf pulling force and equilibrium moisture content were significantly increased by 26.47% and 47.84%,respectively.Although the effect of water and fertilizer lean management on the content of reducing sugar and total sugar in cured tobacco leaf was not obvious,the contents of protein,total nitrogen,nicotine and potassium in tobacco leaf after baking increased significantly by 14.36%,40.44%,45.28% and 23.31%.At the same time,the chlorine content of flue-cured tobacco under the lean management of water and fertilizer was significantly lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation,and the effect of improving the content of conventional chemical constituents and reducing the chlorine content of tobacco leaf after baking was significant.(7)Compared with conventional furrow irrigation,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,stomatal length,stomatal width,stomatal density,and glandular hair density were all increased in different degrees in flue-cured tobacco leaf under lean management.The thickness and thickness of the lower epidermis decreased by 23.48% and 12.28%.Water and fertilizer lean management can significantly promote the palisade tissue,sponge tissue and stomatal density of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which is conducive to smooth photosynthesis and gas exchange of flue-cured tobacco leaves.At the same time,the density of glandular hairs increased,and glandular hairs increased their secretion capacity.Under the lean management of water and fertilizer,the diterpene compounds,alkanes,and sucrose compounds in the flue-cured tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those in conventional furrow irrigation treatments,which was beneficial to increase the aroma content and intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco.(8)Compared with conventional furrow irrigation treatments,total phenylalanine degradation products,total browning products,total carotene degradation products,solanone,neophytadiene,and tobacco under lean management of water and fertilizers The total aroma(not including neophytadiene)and the total aroma(including neophytadiene)were significantly increased.After baking,the flavor,aroma quality,aroma,concentration,softness,aftertaste,miscellaneous gas,momentum,flammability and grayness of tobacco leaves increased in varying degrees,while the irritative score decreased.It shows that the lean management of water and fertilizer has a significant effect on improving the content of neutral aroma components and sensory evaluation quality of cured tobacco leaves.(9)Compared with conventional furrow irrigation,the yield,output value,average price and superior tobacco ratio of flue-cured tobacco under the lean management of water and fertilizer have increased by 26.55%,29.85%,9.69% and 36.68% in different degrees,and the indicators are in two.The difference between treatments was significant.Under the water and fertilizer lean management,the input of fuel and equipment for the economic investment in flue-cured tobacco planting is relatively high,and the investment in pesticides and plastic film is equivalent to the conventional furrow irrigation fertilization treatment.The fertilizer,utilities,labor and total cost are all lower than the conventional furrow irrigation and fertilization input.Water-fertilizer lean management has the advantages of cost reduction and income increase,and it is of great significance to solving the problems of large investment and low benefit that are currently existing in the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.