Study On Economic Compensation Mechanisn Of Cultivated Land Protection In China

Cultivated land is the foundation of agricultural production,it is not only the most basic means of production,an important resource condition and guarantee national food security and ecological security.In view of the basic national conditions of our country with a large population and relatively insufficient per capita cultivated land,it is a basic national policy to implement the most stringent farmland protection system in China.A series of administrative restraints,such as land use planning and use control,the demarcation of the basic farmland protection area,the right to approve agricultural land transfer,the accountability system of leading cadres and so on have been adopted successively.But,due to the lack of effective economic incentive,single administrative means it is difficult to effectively curb the reduction of cultivated land quantity and quality decline,the effect has not reached the expected target.How to break the bottleneck of land protection,in the interests of the mechanism how to stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to protect arable land has become an urgent theoretical and practical problems in China,has also attracted the attention of the central government and the social from all walks of life.In January 2017,"the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening the protection of arable land and the improvement of the balance of opinion" clearly put forward perfecting the compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection,economic compensation incentive to bear the main duty of cultivated land protection.On how to establish the economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection,a large number of domestic scholars have carried out a lot of research.The basic principles of cultivated land compensation are discussed from the aspects of the externality of cultivated land protection,the theory of the right to development and the average income of the society.However,the existing research is mostly on the theoretical level,and the local practice is much more heavy on the reclaimed new cultivated land.Economic incentives(such as Chongqing,and for the index trading)existing farmland protection and improve the quality of research and practice is less,especially the study on the development of the existing cultivated land rights and almost no transaction.On the basis of summarizing the existing research achievements and combining the practical experience and existing problems at home and abroad,this paper further clarifies the internal mechanism of the economic compensation for cultivated land protection,and explores the effective path of realizing the protection target of the quantity,quality and ecology of cultivated land in China,and tries to construct twokinds of compensation,the government leading and the market leading.Model,and the applicability and advantages and disadvantages are analyzed,and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.The research holds that:(1)The theoretical logic of economic compensation for cultivated land protection lies in the unequal value of its generated value(including ecological value and social value)and the value of farmers’ gain,while the measurement of opportunity cost depends on the value added difference between the farmers and the allowable farmers.Therefore,from the source of compensation funds,no matter whether the GDP growth rate proposed by the scholars or the special compensation tax and fee between cities is only established in theory,it is not very practical.;(2)The index transaction under the policy of the current construction land increase and reduction in China is only an incentive to the reclamation of cultivated land.It does not include the existing cultivated land into the compensation(index transaction),not the real land development right transaction,but only increases the quantity of cultivated land but is difficult to guarantee the quality of cultivated land,and it is also unable to combine the existing cultivated land.The formation of positive incentives;(3)Our collective land is part of the right to development,can participate in the land value-added income distribution through the market trading mechanism;(4)Three rural land rights division under the background of economic compensation of cultivated land protection should still be identified as land management rights,and the main role of collective economic organizations..The suggestions are as follows:(1)Taking the reform of rural collective management construction land into the market as an opportunity to expand the sources of cultivated land protection for economic compensation funds;(2)Gradually increase the proportion of special investment in agricultural production,and promote the improvement of the quality of cultivated land to the increase of the value of agricultural products from the angle of quality and development of agriculture,and finally make the market acceptable.The increase of farmers’ income of Rural Revitalization;(3)To promote land ownership work,provide the basis for economic compensation,provide the premise for the development of trading;(4)The implementation of dynamic monitoring of land quality,land quality assurance.