Effects Of Nitrogen And Silicon Fertilizer On Growth,Yield,and Nutrient Use Efficiency Of Rice

Nitrogen and silicon are two important nutritional elements required for plant growth,and both impact rice growth and yield formation.To further study the effects of nitrogen and silicon fertilizer on growth,yield,and nitrogen and silicon absorption and use efficiency in rice is of great significance for improving growth and yield productivity of rice.In this research,a greenhouse experiment was conducted:Zhongheyou 1 rice variety was used to study the effect of nitrogen and silicon levels on rice development and yield formation,as well as the influence of silicon and nitrogen effect on rice growth and lodging resistance,and their interaction effect on nitrogen and silicon absorption and use efficiency in rice.There were four nitrogen treatments levels,(i.e.0,135,180,and 225 kg ha-1)with three levels of silicon treatments including,(0,60,and 100 kg ha-1)used in this study.The main results in this study were as follows:Interaction effect of nitrogen and silicon on grain yield was increased by 290.5%under the interactive rate of N225Si100 as compared with the NOSiO treatment 10.5 g pot-1.Results showed variations in yield output between nitrogen rates and different silicon levels.For example,the same nitrogen level of N225 combined with different silicon supplements i.e.Si60 and Si100,the Si60 dose added to N225 recorded the lowest yield 38.7g pot-1 than N225Si100 41.0 g pot-1.The number of panicle,total grain per panicle and filled grain per pot significantly increase by 64.4%,79.1%and 81.0%as compared with control.Compared with the control,the SPAD value and net photosynthesis i.e.photosynthesis rate,stomata conductance,and transpiration rate,were significantly improved by the interactive effect of nitrogen and silicon,especially under the combined doses of N225Si60 and N180Sil00,respectively.However,1000-grain weight was not affected by nitrogen and silicon interaction.The conjunctive application of silicon and nitrogen significantly improved growth and reduced lodging.Plant height,panicle length,number of total tiller,and number of effective tiller were correspondingly increased by interaction effect of nitrogen and silicon as compared with control.Dry matter production at targeted growth stages i.e.tillering stage,maximum tillering stage,full heading stage,grain filling stage,and maturity stage substantially increased as compared with control.The lowest bending moment was obtained from N0Si0 42.1 g cm as compared with N225Si100 114.0 g cm.The breaking resistance increased by 20.0%at N225Si100 as compared with N225Si010.1 g cm.The highest lodging index 105.3 was observed for N225SiO more than that of N225Si100 95.0.There was positive correlation among plant height,bending moment,and lodging index.However,breaking resistance was not significantly correlated to plant height and bending moment but positively correlated to lodging index.Under greenhouse condition,the interaction effect of silicon and nitrogen could affect nitrogen and silicon absorption and use efficiency in rice differently.At full heading stage,nitrogen concentration significantly increased at 0.72%in stem and 2.85%in leaf for N225Si100 as compared with NOSiO.The greater increase of nitrogen accumulation in straw 213.4 mg plant-1 and panicles 208.4 mg plant-1 at maturity stage is associated with interaction effect of nitrogen and silicon fertilizers.In all treatments,the physiological nitrogen use efficiency for stem,leaf,straw,and panicle increased significantly by nitrogen and silicon interaction.Silicon concentrations of straw and grain under treatment of NOSi100 at maturity stage significantly increased at 9.9%and 3.56%compared with NOSi0.The performance of silicon accumulations in straw and grain among treatments at maturity stage were higher than control.There were increased of 4.79 mg plant-1 and 0.72 g plant-1 in silicon accumulations of straw and grain at maturity stage.However,silicon use efficiency of rice decreased at 4.1 kg-1 kg dry matter kg-1 Si available in straw and 1.2 kg dry matter kg-1 Si available in grain at maturity stage under NOSi60 treatment as compared with N225Si100.The outcomes of this study established that interaction effect;especially adding low silicon supplements to high nitrogen fertilizer contribute to improve rice growth,nutrient absorption,yield formation and lodging resistance.