Effects Of Formulated Fertilization On Growth And Fruit Quality And Soil Physicochemical Properties Of Manicure Finger Grape

Fertilization is the key technology in the process of grape cultivation, which is important to plant growth, fruit yield and soil structure improvment. Taking 6-year-old Manicure Finger grape trees cultivated under rain-shelter in Pengshan County of Sichuan Province as the materials. Fertilization plan was designed based on soil background valueand aimed (1500kg/mu), with urea fertilizer 25kg,30kg,35kg, monoammonium phosphate 20kg,25kg,30kg, potassium sulfate 40kg,45kg,50kg. Urea was applied on bud period with 0.01kg boron per tree, except 10kg added to soil on fruit enlargement period. Phosphate ammonium, potassium sulfate were added to soil on fruit enlargement period, veraison repectively. Organic fertilizer 400kg/mu, calcium superphosphate 120kg/mu and magnesium sulphate 10kg were used as base fertilizer in each treatment, with the local conventional fertilization as the control. Orthogonal design was adopted to set fertilization formula, so there was total of 10 treatments used to study the effects of formulated fertilization on grape growth and fruit quality and soil physicochemical properties of Manicure Finger grape.The results were as follows:1. The reasonable formula fertilization can make the Manicure Finger grape growth and improve the length and diameter of shoot and leaf area, increasing the vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit. Treatment 5, namely each plant was supplied for dried chicken manure 3.6kg, calcium superphosphate 1.0kg and magnesium sulfate 0.09kg,and urea 0.18kg and available boron 0.01kg, and phosphoric acid ammonium 0.25kg and urea 0.09kg, and potassium sulfate 0.40kg is the best effect to promote Manicure Finger grape shoot length and diameter and leaf area. Manicure Finger grape shoot length before pinching and shoot diameter before stopping growing and leaf area were up to 135.30cm, 13.12mm 323.70 cm2, and each more than contrast 11.9cm,1.86mm and 59.01cm2.The vertical and horizontal diameter of Manicure Finger grape have two growth peaks in mid-to-late May to early June and early July to mid-to-late July. The growth state showed double "s" growth curve. The time of the growth peak of the vertical and horizontal diameter is roughly same. From the experimental results, treatment 5 is the best to promote the growth of longitudinal diameter, the fruit longitudinal diameter was 5.06cm, and 12.44% higher than the contrast. Treatment 9, namely each plant was supplied for dried chicken manure 3.6kg, calcium superphosphate 1.0kg and magnesium sulfate 0.09kg,and urea 0.23kg and available boron 0.01kg, and phosphoric acid ammonium 0.25kg and urea 0.09kg, and potassium sulfate 0.45kg is the best effect to promote Manicure Finger Grape diameter growth, The transverse diameter of fruit is 2.23cm, and 7.17% higher than the contrast.2. Formula fertilization can significantly improve the external and Internal quality of Manicure Finger grape. It can improve the content of soluble solids and total sugar and Vc and single fruit weight and weight per spike,and reduce the content of titratable acid. Treatment 5 is the best. Single fruit weight is 16.07g and single panicle weight is1798.30g, and soluble solid content is 18.13% and total sugar content is 16.04%, Vc content is 7.91 mg/100ml. and each more than contrast 4.49g,663.50g,2.06%,4.03% and 3.29 mg/ 100mL. The content of titratable acid is 0.47g/100ml, and lower than contrast 0.05 g/100ml.3. Formula fertilization can improve soil physical and chemical properties. Treatment 5 is the best to improve soil bulk density on 0-30cm. soil bulk density decreased by 0.06g/cm3?0.13g/cm3 during the whole period of growth. Treatment 4, namely each plant was supplied for dried chicken manure 3.6kg, calcium superphosphate 1.0kg and magnesium sulfate 0.09kg,and urea 0.18kg and available boron 0.01kg, and phosphoric acid ammonium 0.20kg and urea 0.09kg, and potassium sulfate 0.45kg is the best effect to improve soil bulk density on 30-60cm. soil bulk density from 1.62g/cm3 to 1.52g/cm3. Treatment 5 is the second, soil bulk density of contrast increased from 1.62g/cm3 to 1.68g/cm3, and then slowly down to 1.65g/cm3.Treatment 5 is the best to improve the content of soil organic matter and PH on 0-30cm and 30-60cm.The content of soil organic matter content was 21.8g/kg?24.9g/kg, while the contrast was 19.2g/kg?21.2 g/kg on 0?30cm; The soil pH was 7.1?7.45,while the contrast soil pH was 6.45-6.89 on 0-30cm. The content of soil organic matter content was 14.4g/kg?15.1g/kg, while the contrast was13.1g/kg?14.1g/kg on 30?60cm; The soil pH was 6.36?6.40, while the contrast soil pH was 5.66?6.11 on 30?60cm.Reasonable fertilizer type and fertilization amount can improve the content of nutrient elements in the soil and properly reduce excess nitrogen of the soil and improve lack of phosphorus and potassium in the soil and maintain trace elements in the soil to supply plant growth. Overall, Treatment 1, namely each plant was supplied for dried chicken manure 3.6kg, calcium superphosphate 1.0kg and magnesium sulfate 0.09kg,and urea 0.13kg and available boron 0.01kg, and phosphoric acid ammonium 0.20kg and urea 0.09kg, and potassium sulfate 0.35kg is the best effect to reduce total nitrogen and available nitrogen content of the soil. Treatment 5 is the best effect to improve total phosphorus and total potassium and available phosphorus and available potassium content of the soil and maintain exchange of Ca content and exchange of Mg content and available Fe, Mn. Zn and Cu content of the soil on 0-30cm and 30-60cm.