The Effects Of Different Breeding Patterns On Intestinal Microflora Structure In Pigs

Feeding condition is an important factor affecting the diversity of intestinal flora,and the structure of it plays a vital role in immune defense and nutrition metabolism of pigs.Nowadays Under-forest and Pighouse of rearing systems have become popular while little study is made in the impact that the two breeding patterns exert on the intestinal flora structure of pigs which influences the effective extension and practical application of these patterns.In this study,Under-forest and Pighouse were employed in which pigs with Pighouse which were made of conventional field cement floor were fed by basic die while the basic die was only the supplementary feeding for pigs with Under-forest.The experimental pigs were Huai pigs(H)and Duroc-Yorshire-Lsndrace hybrid pigs(DYL).Before the experiment,all pigs went through castraction,desinsectization and epidemic prevention.After trial period was 3 months,12 pigs were slaughtered,and collected from intestinal feces for investigating the intestinal microbial flora under two breeding patterns.After extracting the genomic DNA through kits and analyzing the V4 variable region of 16 s rDNA gene through Illumina high throughout sequencing,the results demonstrated that:1)The intestinal flora of Huai pig was formed by 15 phyla,15 classes,18 orders,27 families and 31 genera of bacterial communities and that of the DYL pigs was composed of 16 phyla,17 classes,19 orders,29 families,32 genera of bacterial community.There were significant differences in the intestinal flora of pigs between the two pig-types.Higher diversity was seen in the intestinal flora of the DYL pigs than in that of Huai pigs.2)There was a high intestinal flora diversity on different breeding models,and 1133 species were detected in the nine samples.The intestinal flora of pigs with Under-forest could be divided into 15 phyla,17 classes,19 orders,29 families and 32 genera of bacterial community while that of pigs with Pighouse included 15 phyla,17 classes,18 orders,27 families,and 29 genera of bacterial community which proved the big difference in intestinal flora of pigs raised in two patterns and the higher diversity of the intestinal flora of pigs with Under-forest.3)The detected flora community in this study mainly fell into 15 phyla: Bacteroidetes? Firmicutes? Actinobacteria? Bacteroidetes?Chlamydiae?Fusobacteria? Tenericutes? Chlamydiae?Fusobacteria? Verrucomicrobia?Spirochaetes? Synergistetes? Elusimicrobia among which Bacteroideted and Firmicutes as the dominant flora held the highest proportion.But the abundance of the two kinds of flora showed difference under different breeding patterns: the abundance of Bacteroidetes of Huai pigs with Under-forest was the highest(62.22%),and that of the DYL pigs with Pighouse was lowest(33.42%)(P<0.01).