Effects Of Different Production Modes On Soil Nutrients,Growth,Quality And Yield Of Flue-cured Tobacco

Experiments on Zhongyan 100 in this thesis were conducted simultaneously from2014 to 2015 in three areas,which are Houdian Village(Jia County,Pingdingshang),Daqu Village(Linying,Luohe)and Ziyun Town(Xiang County,Xuchang).In this study,we proposed four production models which are T1: local conventional production model;T2: high yield model;T3: high quality model;T4: high quality and yield model.By discussing the effects of different production models on the quality and yield of Flue-cured tobacco,the objective of this thesis is to explore and research suitable production models for Henan tobacco growing areas using the concept of modern agriculture with high yield and high quality.The aim is to produce high quality characteristic tobacco meeting industrial demand and provide a theoretical basis for consolidating the status of tobacco production and sustainable development in Henan.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Compared to local conventional production model(T1),high yield model(T2),high quality model(T3)and high quality and yield model(T4)can effectively improve agronomic traits such as,plant height,leaf number and maximum leaf area,but have little effect on stem girth and section distance.Within all three experimental areas,T4 model has the best effect on optimizing the agronomic characters of tobacco.T2,T3 and T4 models can improve tobacco leaf,root dry matter accumulation,where T4 model has the best effect.T3 and T4 models with the application of root fat can effectively increase the amount of dry matter accumulation of tobacco plant roots.2.Compared to T1 model,T2,T3 and T4 models can effectively increase soil nutrients.During the growth period of tobacco plant,the variation law of soil nutrient was basically the same.After transplanting of 30 days,the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was higher in the soil of T2 model due to the increase of nitrogenous fertilizer by 15%.During the middle and late stage of tobacco plant growth,T3 and T4 models show a good result of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content.Compared to inorganic fertilizers,cow manure compost can provide adequate nitrogen in the late growth stage of tobacco plant and decrease the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen.By increasing the content of potassium fulvic acid in the early and middle growing stage of tobacco plant,the content of available potassium in soil was high in T3 model,and it was high in T4 model during the late growth stage.T2,T3 and T4 models can effectively increase available P and organic matter.3.T3 and T4 models can effectively improve the physical characteristics and the industrial availability of tobacco leaves.Compared to T1 model,T2,T3 and T4 models can increase the leaf thickness and leaf density,where T4 model has the significant effect on increase in leaf density.T3 and T4 models can reduce tobacco leaf stalk rate,improve the tobacco filling value.T2 model has a higher rate of tobacco leaf stalk.The three models have no significant effect on the tensile resistance of tobacco leaf.4.T4 model has a highest score of the appearance quality on tobacco leaves.T3 and T4 models can improve the color of tobacco leaves,leaf structure,where the difference of leaf color between T3 and T4 models is not clear.In terms of baking technology,T3 and T4 models have better effect on improving the quality of tobacco color and appearance.T2,T3 and T4 models can improve the maturity of tobacco leaf and enhance tobacco leaf,where T3 and T4 models have better effect compared with T2 models.5.T4 model can effectively improve the chemical composition of tobacco leaves and achieve a stable status of chemical composition.It can also improve the total sugar content of tobacco and has an effect on improving reducing sugar.T2,T3 and T4 models can improve the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar where T4 models has the best effect,and improve the total nitrogen content,where T2 models achieves the best effect with the nitrogen content of 2.48% ~ 2.80%.Regarding to nitrogen base ratio,there is no significant difference of the experimental models.T3 model can effectively improve potassium content and T4 model can effectively reduce chlorine.The ratio of potassium to chlorine of the tobacco in Jian County and Linying is low.Relatively,T4 model can amend the ratio of potassium to chlorine.6.Compared to T1 model,T3 and T4 models can increase the content of neutral aroma substances in the flue cured tobacco,where Jia County has the best result and T4 model has the most increase of neutral aroma substances which is 47.81 %.T4 model can handle the most abundant species of neutral aroma substances with the highest content among the three experimental areas.7.T4 treatment production mode can effectively to improve the aroma quality and aroma quantity,reduce the mixed gas,stimulation,the aftertaste more net more comfortable.T2 treatment of irritation,aroma quantity slightly less,smoke less soft,slightly mixed gas,compared with the other three treatments,smoking quality is a bit poor.8.T2,T3 and T4 models can improve the economic characters of tobacco leaf,where T2 model has the largest production increase and T4 model has the largest improvement of production and average price.In Jia County and Xiang County,T2 model yields the highest production.Compared to T1 model,the increases at the growing areas are 10.42 % and 8.31 % respectively.Linying has the most tobacco production.Compared to T1,T4 model increased by 14.9 %,T2 model increased13.07 %.T2,T3 and T4 models can improve the average price of tobacco,where T4 model has the largest increase in the average price of tobacco.Three models can increase production and the result is consistent with the treatment: T4 > T3 > T2 > T1.On the whole,T2,T3 and T4 models all can improve the soil nutrient,the quality and the yield,agronomic traits,physical characteristics,improve flue-cured tobacco appearance quality,chemical composition and aroma constituents and sensory evaluation,T4 model show the best quality and efficient.