The Effect Of 40℃ On The Development Of 1～4 Day-old Workers Capped Brood Of Apis Cerana Cerana

The mortality rate,development period,primary weight,wing vein development,32 morphormetric characters and fluctuating asymmetry(FA)of 1,2,3,4 day-old capped worker broods of Apis cerana cerana incubated at 40 C for various hours were analyzed to investigate the impacts of abnormal temperature on the honeybee development.The results shows that the 1-4 day-old capped worker broods,especially the 2 day-old ones by which the 1,3 and 4 day-old ones followed,were vulnerable to the abnormal development temperature.(1)Effects of temperature 40 C on the development of capped worker broods of A.c.ceranaThe 2 day-old capped worker broods were more vulnerable for the abnormal development temperature than 1,3,4 day-old ones.Compared with the control group,after cultivated at the 40 C for 12,16 hours,the mortality of 2 day-old capped worker broods were significantly increased 28.26%,83.33%(P<0.01),there was no influence on the mortality of 1,3,4 day-old ones.Excepted for the 3 day-old ones,the development period of 1,2,4 day-old capped worker broods were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the development period prolonged ranges from 0.11 d to 0.34 d(P<0.01).With the increasing cultivated hours at 40℃,the capped worker broods’mortality rate increased and the development period prolonged.After cultivated at the 400C for 16 hours,the primary weight of 1,2,3 day-old capped worker broods were significantly decreased,however there was no influence on the 4 day-old ones.(2)Effects of pupation temperature 400C on morphormetric characters of A.c.cerana emergenced workersThe 1,3,4 day-old worker capped broods of A.c.cerana were cultivated at 40 C for 16 hours,and the 2 day-old ones cultivated at 40 C for 8,12,16 hours,a significant impact was observed on the morphormetric characters of emergenced bees of 1,2 day-old capped broods,the 3 and 4 day-old ones followed.1)The proboscis length of emergenced bees of 1-3 day-old capped broods decreased ranges from 0.2101 to 0.3231 mm(P<0.01).While little influence were observed on the 4 day-old capped broods.2)The wings of 1,2 day-old capped broods shrinked more than those of 3,4 day-old ones,besides,a significant impact was observed on the FA of fore wing length and width of 2 day-old capped broods.The cubital index of workers emergenced from 1 and 4 day-old worker capped broods decreased,while the 2 day-old ones increased,and there were no effects for that of 3 day-old ones.An additional cubitus-anal crossvein absence(35.77%)were merely observed in bees emergenced from 4 day old pupae.There were more significant effects on the wing vein angles of honeybee that incubated from 1,2 day-old worker capped broods than those of 3,4 day-old ones.3)Effects of pupation temperature 40 C on tergite and sternite of 1,2 day-old worker capped broods were larger than those in 3,4 day-old ones.Among the 11 tergite and sternite longitudinal marks of emergenced bees,7 longitudinal marks increased for 2 day-old capped broods emergenced bees;6 longitudinal marks decreased for 1 day-old ones;and for 3 day-old ones,3 longitudinal marks increased and 1 longitudinal marks decreased;3 longitudinal marks increased for 4 day-old ones.4)There were more significant effects on the postpedes of honeybees that incubated from 2,3 day-old worker capped broods than those incubated from 1,4 day-old ones.Among the 4 postpedes longitudinal marks of emergenced bees,4 longitudinal marks decreased for 2,3 day-old capped broods emergenced bees;3 longitudinal marks decreased for 1 day-old ones;and for 4 day-old ones,2 longitudinal marks decreased.This study contributed to evaluating the vulnerable degree of 1～4 day-old A.c.cerana work capped broods influenced by the temperature 400C.The data also enriched the developmental biology of honeybees.