| Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the important industrialized edible fungus which has rich nutrition and unique taste.It takes a long time to mature.There is no unified index to determine its maturity,which affecting its production stability and consistency.The relationship between physicochemical parameters and the biological efficiency of different culture period were analysed.The relationship between cellulase,xylanase,amylase,proteinase,laccase,manganese peroxidase activities and biological efficiency of different culture period were analysed by 3,5-dinitrosalicyic acid method,Iodine-potassium iodide method,Folin-phenol method,ABTS method,Guaiacol method respectively.The main results were as follows:1 Appearance characteristics of strain Minzhen No.2 during cultivationIt took 60 days when Minzhen No.2 hyphae grow full bag.From 80 days to 120 days,the color of hyphae gradually changed from white to yellow.The hardness of fungi bag gradually softened from top to bottom.The appearance of Minzhen No.2 showed different characteristics in whole growth cycle.2 Physicochemical parameters of strain Minzhen No.2 during cultivationIn the earlier stage of cultivation,The pH value,reducing sugar,soluble protein in various parts of fungi bag was significant differences.These indicators were consistent in late stages.Weight and total sugar content decreased slowly in whole growth process,while water content increased slowly.All results indicated that the physicochemical parameters became consistent from top to bottom which provided sufficient nutrients and suitable environmente for fruiting.3 Biological parameters change of strain Minzhen No.2 during cultivationThe results showed that cellulase activities of fungi bag were about 6-8 U·mL-1.Proteinase activities gradually changed from 8 U/mL to 4 U/mL.Amylase activities reach maximum 137.3 U/mL at 70 days and gradually decreased to 11.4 U/mL.Xylanase activities gradually increased from 9.5 U/mL to 16.9 U/mL.The laccase activities of upper part reached maximum at 70 days.The laccase activities of middle and lower part reach maximum at 100 days.When fungi bags cultured to 120 days,xylanase,laccase and manganese peroxidase activities of the various parts were about 13.7 U·mL-1,173.5 U·L-1 and 25.8 U/mL respectively.In the early stage enzyme activities of different parts were greatly different,then became consistent in the late stages.These datas illustrate enzymology environment becomes unified in process of fungi bag maturity,thus providing nutritional and steady environment.4 Relationship between the maturity of fungi bag and biological efficiencyThe results show that different culture time had no effect of its ability to restore aerial hyphae but had a significant impact on primordium formation and picking time.The time of mushroom primordium formation only need 8 days,it only took 27 days to harvest when fungi bag cultured to 130 days or 140 days.when culture time of fungi bag was 60 days,the time of mushroom primordium formation was 12 days,it took 32 days to harvest.Culture time had a significant influence on the yield and biological efficiency.The biological efficiency of 120 days’ fungi bag was about 92%.The mushroom biological efficiency is highest when fungi bag cultured to 120 days.This might be substrates decomposed fully,nutrient accumulation reached the maximum while incubation time increased.5 Application of multi-scale to determine the maturity of strain Minzhen No.2Analysed three different maturity fungi bags from factory according to the multi-scale methods which had mentioned above.The results showed that the fungi bag was mature not only when pH value,reducing sugar content,soluble protein content of various parts of the fungi bags were about 5.8,1002.5 mg/mL,209,8 mg/mL respectively.But also amylase activities lower than 6.8 U/mL and laccase and manganese peroxidase activities of lower part of the fungi bags higher than 167.1 U/L,17.1 U/mL respectively.The mushroom yield and biological efficiency agree with the results.These illustrated the multi-scale parameters could be used to determine the maturity of fungi bags.These parameters provide strong evidence for factory’s standardization production which has important practical significance. |
