| Because of the unique ecological condition,the central Henan tobacco-growing area had become one of the most important tobacco-growing area to produce Luzhou-flavour tobacco.In the base of central Henan tobacco-growing area,117 soil samples and its corresponding 94 flue-cured tobacco samples in 13 tobacco-growing areas such as Pingdingshan,Xuchang,Luohe,were used as materials to analyze the distribution of soil and tobacco's chemical component,appearance quality,physical characteristic and neutral aroma components,and relationship between soil available potassium and soil nutrient,soil particle size and the varietal character of tobacco which consisted of appearance quality,physical properties,chemical composition and sensory quality.Main results were as follows:1.Through field trials and laboratory analysis,this paper studied Distribution of available potassium and its relationship with soil characteristics and quality traits in flue-cured tobacco central area of Henan province.The results showed:(1)available potassium content in soil was relatively low,which ranged from 46.46 to 248.07 mg/kg,with mean at 111.63mg/kg and coefficient of variation relatively high is 37.43%,the amount of ‘low' samples is 64.96%,the amount of the samples in ‘suitable' and ‘rich' was just 10.26%,0.85%.For the different areas,Pingdingshan available potassium(120.05 mg / kg)the higher,followed Luohe,Xuchang lower.(2)Available potassium content increased with higher terrain,Available potassium content of the highest of low mountain areas(133.57mg/kg).(3)When the soil particles ratio was more than 0.1mm,the suitable samples that the soil potassium content was between 160~240 mg/kg took up the highest proportion;When the soil particles ratio was between 0.1mm and 0.05 mm,0.05 mm and 0.01 mm,the amount of ‘absent' and ‘low' samples was higher.When the soil particles ratio was between 0.01 mm and 0.001 mm and less than 0.001 mm,the amount of ‘rich' samples(the potassium content was between 240 and 350 mg/kg)was the highest and low samples(the potassium content was between 80 and 160 mg/kg)lowest.It indicated that when the soil particles ratio was between 0.01 mm and 0.001 mm and less than 0.001 mm,it was helpful to improve the soil potassium content.2.The relationship between the available potassium and soil condition were studied.It indicated:(1)The available potassium correlated significantly or high significantly with organic matter(0.370**),available nitrogen(0.242**),available phosphorus(0.297**),cation exchange capacity available(0.351**).(2)The available potassium correlated significantly with mineral Al(0.22**),Fe(0.24**),Mg(0.21*),Mn(0.19*),P(0.21*).(3)The available potassium correlated significantly with the soil particles ratio between 0.1-0.05mm(-0.188*)and less than 0.001mm(0.193*).3.The appearance quality of flu-cured tobacco in central henan tobacco-growing area and the relationship between soil potassium content and appearance quality were analyzed.The result showed that:(1)the appearance quality is good in colour,maturity,leaf constructure and leaf identity and the average score was 77.47.The total score of flu-cured tobacco appearance quality was obviously higher than Pingdingshan by 7.28% and Xuchang by 5.90%.Except for oil,the appearance quality in Luohe behaved well in other indexes.(2)based on the analysis on the relationship between soil potassium and appearance quality,the soil potassium had very significant positive correlation with maturity score,identity score,oil score and appearance quality score,and had very significant negative correlation with leaf uniformity.The regression equations were y1=-0.0146x+6.5834,y2=0.0137x+6.7044,y3=0.0181x+5.5368,y4=0.0689x+69.75(maturity score y1,identity score y2,oil score y3,total score y4).And tested by F-test,they all reached very significant level at 1%.4.The chemical components of flu-cured tobacco in central henan tobacco-growing area and the relationship between soil potassium content and physical characteristic were analyzed.Compared with Nanyang flu-cured tobacco,tension stress and tensile strength of tobacco leaf in central henan tobacco-growing area were slightly low.Tobacco stem ratio in central henan area was lower than in henan area by 31% and higher than imported tobacco by 27.13%.Tobacco stem ratio was the highest in Luohe,obviously higher than Xuchang.The single leaf weight in central henan tobacco-growing area was 10.82 g at average and Luohe was the highest.The leaf weight in central henan tobacco-growing area was higher than in henan tobacco area and lower than tobacco.The tobacco leaf weight in Xuchang was the highest,significantly higher than Luohe by 11.38%.The filling value in central henan tobacco-growing area is slightly high,higher than henan tobacco and imported tobacco by 17.89%,40.10% respectively amd Luohe was highest.The leaf thickness in central henan tobacco-growing area was suitable but was thicker than imported tobacco.The moisture content was also suitable,Xuchang and Luohe were less lower.(2)Through related analysis,the soil potassium had very significant positive correlation with tension stress and tensile strength of tobacco leaf and significant negative correlation with thickness.The regression equations between tension stress(y1)and tensile strength(y2)and soil potassium(x)were y1=-0.0088x+1.1698,y2=-0.7184x+60.849.And through F-test,they all reached very significant level at 1%.5.The general condition of tobacco chemical component in central area of henan province and the relationship between soil potassium and soil condition were studied.It indicated:(1)In central henan tobacco-growing area,total nitrogen content was under the suitable range;The content of total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and petroleum ether extract were suitable;Starch content was slightly higher;Potassium content was 1.66%,lower than the standard of quality tobacco.In general,the chemical components were in harmony.Potassium content in Xuchang tobacco-growing area was the highest and showed no significant difference with Pingdingshan and Luohe tobacco area;The total sugar and reducing sugar content in Pingdingshan tobacco-growing area were significantly higher than Luohe.(2)The correlation between soil potassium content and general chemical components of tobacco was analyzed.The result showed that the soil potassium content had very significant negative correlation with total nitrogen content and the regression equation was y=-0.0033x+1.8538.The soil potassium content had very significant positive correlation with potassium content.When soil potassium content was low,tobacco potassium content increased slowly.When soil potassium content was between 80.00 and 160.00mg/kg,progressive increasing to 160.00-240.00mg/kg and 240.00-350.00mg/kg,tobacco potassium content showed relatively high increasing trend and the regression equation was y1=0.0073x+0.5684.(3)Statistical analysis was performed on the flu-cured tobacco elements in central henan tobacco-growing area.It showed that phosphorus content(1.57mg/kg),boron content(44.25mg/kg),iron content(103.63mg/kg)and manganese content(50.77mg/kg)were located in proper range.Calcium content(30.90mg/kg),magnesium content(3.46mg/kg)and zinc content(20.04mg/kg)were higher than suitable range,and copper content(11.81mg/kg)was slightly lower.Flue-cured tobacco iron content in Pingdingshan was significantly higher than Luohe(34.71%),and zinc content significantly higher than Xuchang(44.30%),Luohe(34.71%).Magnesium content in Xuchang was significantly higher than Pingdingshan(29.33%),Luohe(49.84%).The soil passim content had very significant positive correlation with phosphorus content and significant positive correlation with manganese,zinc content.The regression equation between phosphorus content(y)and the soil passim content(x)was y=-0.0063x+0.8589.6.The neutral aroma components of flu-cured tobacco in central henan tobaccogrowing area and the relationship between soil potassium content and neutral aroma components were analyzed.The amount of neutral aroma components totaled 1023.24?g/g at average,and was high.The neutral aroma components in Luohe was obviously higher than Pingshan and Xuchang by 21.49%,34.32%.The total amount of carotenoids degradation,neophytadiene and other aroma components was the highest in Luohe.Maillard reaction products in Pingshan were higher than other two tobacco-growing areas.(2)The soil potassium(x)had larger correlation with neophytadiene(y1)and neutral aroma components(y2)and the regression equation was y1=6.2181x+56.029,y2=6.2282x+323.2 and through F-test,they all reached very significant level at 1%. |
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