Research On Fiscal And Tax Policies Promoting The Developmet Of New Energy Vehicle Industry

The world is currently facing the dilemma of environmental pollution and lack of resources.With economic growth,environmental issues and the scarcity of resources have become headaches for many countries.New energy can not only solve the problem of non-renewable energy sources such as gasoline,but also reduce environmental damage and pollution.It has become the focus of attention and the objective of exploration and research in countries around the world.With the economic growth of various countries,the demand for automobiles in countries around the world will continue to rise for a long time.Compared with the traditional automobile industry,the new energy vehicle technologies in various countries are not yet mature,and the industrialization gap is smaller.If China's auto industry can seize the opportunity of the new round of technological change in the auto industry,it may have a more advantageous position in future competition.As a new type of vehicle,new energy vehicles have been growing in both market and technology in recent years,and have made certain progress,but their industrial competitiveness in the world is still not strong.Because of its inherent positive externality,it also brings difficulties to its development.It needs government policy support to make up for the private costs of enterprises caused by its positive externalities.As the new energy vehicle industry is still in its infancy in China,its market acceptance is low,especially in small and medium-sized cities with inadequate supporting charging facilities.There is great difficulty in the technical research and development of new energy vehicle power batteries and their components.It is an immature market for individual automotive companies,with small profit margins,and high risk of investment in research and development funds.Therefore,the government has an indispensable role in supporting industrial division of labor,organizing,and breaking down administrative trade barriers.In view of the various problems existing in the development of new energy vehicles in China,it is necessary to carry out a deeper study on the fiscal and tax incentive policies of the new energy vehicle industry,analyze its impact on the development of the domestic new energy vehicle industry,and discuss deeply whether we can adjust the policy to solve problems such as market failures in its development.This article starts from the fiscal and taxation policies,and explores how the fiscal and tax incentive policies and policy tools have played a role in promoting the development of China's new energy vehicle industry and how to improve them.Firstly,the significance of the topic is elaborated,and the related literatures at home and abroad are summarized and briefly reviewed.Secondly,the basic principles and necessity of government intervention are discussed at the theoretical level,and the impact of tax incentives on consumers is analyzed.Third,it summarizes the fiscal and tax incentive policies that have been implemented in China and analyzes their existing problems.Fourth,make empirical research on the effects of government intervention on the company's technology research and development and business results,and verify the hypothesis with actual data from listed companies in the new energy vehicle industry.Fifth,referring to the policy support experience of the developed countries such as the United States and Japan in the new energy vehicle industry,looking for something that can be used for reference,and then exploring possible directions for future fiscal and tax incentive policies in China,so as to propose corresponding policies for the further development of the new energy vehicle industry Suggest.Finally,it is concluded that the optimization of fiscal subsidy policy is expounded from three perspectives: subsidy target,subsidy focus and subsidy supervision.In terms of subsidy targets,the top-level design planning needs to be strengthened to give the industry a long-term and clear development direction and expectations;the core technology development priorities should be clarified.In terms of subsidy priorities,targeted policies need to be adopted to subsidize the cultivation of key enterprises;strengthen the subsidy for battery core technology development;and focus on the construction of corresponding supporting facilities for new energy vehicles.In terms of subsidy supervision,it is necessary to strengthen the management and control of battery safety;strengthen the supervision of "fraud compensation" to increase the illegal cost of "fraud compensation";and establish a financial subsidy policy evaluation mechanism for the new energy automobile industry.The preferential tax policy is described from two perspectives: the demand side and the supply side.On the demand side,it is recommended that the consumption tax for new energy vehicles be set differently;the consumption tax rate for refined oil and fuel be raised.On the supply side,accelerated depreciation of related fixed assets and accelerated amortization of intangible assets;increase the deduction of R & D expenses for power batteries and components;lower tax rates for companies that have actual results in the development of core technologies for new energy vehicles;VAT relief.