Quantitative Research On Distribution Costs Of Electric Vehicles And Fuel Vehicles Under Multiple Distribution Modes

In recent years,China's B2C(Business to Customer)e-commerce has developed rapidly,resulting in a sharp increase in express Business volume.In 2019,China's express delivery volume exceeded 63.5 billion,meaning 174 million packages need to be handled every day in China.Although China's express delivery industry has developed rapidly in recent years,it is still difficult to meet the demand of e-commerce for express delivery industry.In particular,the last link of e-commerce logistics--"the last kilometer" distribution,due to the characteristics of large orders and small scale,makes the "last kilometer" distribution cost of China's e-commerce logistics always high,has become one of the important factors restricting the development of China's e-commerce industry and express delivery industry.In addition,as the environment deteriorates,various environmental protection policies have been successively introduced,forcing logistics enterprises to increase their input in emission reduction.Under the huge cost pressure and environmental pressure,reducing the "last kilometer" distribution cost and reducing carbon emissions have become two major problems facing the express delivery industry.Using appropriate distribution mode is an effective measure to reduce the "last kilometer" distribution cost.It is an inevitable way to reduce carbon emission in logistics industry to use electric vehicles for terminal distribution.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the "last kilometer" distribution cost of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles under different distribution modes.First of all,this paper makes a qualitative analysis of the three most commonly used delivery modes in China--door-to-door delivery mode,self-pick-up mode and intelligent express cabinet mode,and clarifies the characteristics and distribution process of the three delivery modes.At the same time,in view of the fact that more and more customers in China complain that the deliverer places the customer's express in the smart express cabinet without the customer's permission,an innovative intelligent distribution mode is proposed.The experiment proves that this mode can effectively reduce the contradiction between the customer and the express company and improve customer satisfaction.Based on the qualitative analysis of the four distribution modes,this paper establishes the distribution cost model of the "last kilometer" of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles under the four distribution modes.An improved ant colony algorithm is designed to solve the problemrespectively.At the same time,considering the importance of customer satisfaction to enterprises,a customer pickup cost model is established to quantify customer satisfaction.Then,two examples,small scale and large scale,are used to quantitatively analyze the characteristics and application scope of the four distribution modes from the perspectives of express enterprises,customers and society.Finally,based on the distribution cost analysis of the "last kilometer" of fuel vehicles and the calculation results of the distribution cost analysis of electric vehicles,the advantages and disadvantages of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles in the terminal distribution scenario are compared and analyzed.This paper makes a case study on the end distribution cost.The calculation results show that under the background of the case in this paper :(1)compared with fuel vehicles,electric vehicles can save 10.33% to 15.11% of the distribution cost in terminal distribution.(2)For express enterprises,compared with door-to-door delivery mode,both intelligent express cabinet delivery mode and intelligent delivery mode can significantly reduce delivery costs.And with the increase of the distribution failure rate and distribution scale,the proportion of cost reduction also increases.The proportion of cost reduction can reach up to 76.1% and 61.6% respectively.The self-pick-up distribution mode can also effectively reduce the distribution cost,but the decrease rate is small,with the highest decrease rate being 36.8%.(3)For customers,compared with door-to-door delivery mode,only self-service delivery mode can effectively reduce the customer pick-up cost,with a reduction ratio of 49%.Both smart express cabinet delivery mode and smart delivery mode can greatly increase the customer pick-up cost,with the highest growth ratio of 399.3% and 384.8% respectively.(4)For the society,compared with the door-to-door delivery mode,the self-service delivery mode can significantly reduce the total cost,and with the increase of the delivery failure rate and the increase of the distribution scale,the more obvious the cost reduction effect is,with the maximum drop of 45.9%.In this paper,there are 49 figures,6tables and 71 references.