Research On The Effect Of Administrative Monopoly On Railway Freight Efficiency

Since the reform and opening up,in order to meet the needs of national economic development,the reform measures of railway enterprise organization and management mechanism have been deepened.In terms of freight,a series of measures have been taken and the control of freight rates has been further relaxed.The purpose of the market-oriented reform is to improve the competitiveness of railway transport enterprises in the freight market,but the reality is contrary to the original intention of the reform.The market share of railway freight volume and freight turnover continues to decline,from 17.53% and 44.25% in 1985 to 9.18% and 15.09% in 2019.It is found that the main reasons for the railway to lose the freight market are as follows.Firstly,the procurement system of freight cars leads to the change of freight car models that cannot meet the demand of the freight market.Secondly,the centralization of the national railway unified dispatching command affects the demand response adjustment of freight organizations.The two reflect the administrative monopoly in railway freight transportation from two aspects of technology innovation incentive and organization management.Based on the transaction cost theory and X-inefficiency theory,this paper analyzes the possible performance of administrative monopoly in railway freight industry,and constructs the logical mechanism of administrative monopoly affecting the efficiency of railway freight industry from the perspectives of technology innovation incentive and organization management.In the empirical aspect,HHI index is used to measure the intensity of administrative monopoly approximately;a two-stage model is built to measure the efficiency of railway freight transportation by using the super efficiency SBM-DEA index;a multiple regression model is built to measure the impact of administrative monopoly on the efficiency of railway freight transportation by taking the intensity of administrative monopoly as the core independent variable.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The performance of administrative monopoly in the railway freight industry is to affect the efficiency of railway freight transportation by generating low technological innovation power and low efficiency of operation and management.(2)From the perspective of technological innovation incentives,the existing freight procurement system for enterprises lacks the power of technological innovation,resulting in the supply of vehicle models unable to meet the market demand and reduce the efficiency of railway freight transportation.(3)From the perspective of organizational management,excessive unification First,the power of dispatch and command makes the transaction cost rise and induces the insider control,which leads to the low efficiency of operation and management and reduces the efficiency of railway freight transportation.(4)The empirical results show that the administrative monopoly intensity of railway freight transportation industry has decreased from 0.97 to 0.79 from 1996 to 2016,although it has a downward trend,the administrative monopoly has not been eliminated,and will have a negative effect on the efficiency of railway freight transportation The number is-1.9977.(5)The eradication of administrative monopoly lies in shaping the real market dominant position of railway enterprises,starting from the perspective of improving the regulatory mechanism,strengthening the transparent operation of business,and flexibly distributing the transport capacity according to the market environment,to deepen the reform of railway and reduce the administrative monopoly.