Study On Unsafe Behaviors And Preventive Measures Of Falling Accidents In Construction Sites

In the construction industry,falling accidents account for a considerable proportion,causing great harm.For the sake of further effectively preventing falling accidents,134 falling accidents between 2012 and 2017 in China are selected as the research samples,and 80 detailed accident investigation reports are analyzed on the basis of the 24 Model.First,the general regularity of the falling accidents,that is,the regional distribution,accident time,accident level,and type of operation,is analyzed.Second,the unsafe behaviors,that is,the one-time behaviors,habitual behaviors,and operational behaviors,are analyzed.Then,the observer XT is introduced to analyze the unsafe behaviors existing on site.Finally,corrections are proposed from three aspects of one-time behaviors,habitual behaviors,and operational behaviors,based on which an unsafe behavior control model for falling accidents are established.By analyzed the unsafe behaviors of falling accidents in construction sites on China,we can conclude that:(1)The general regularity of the 134 falling accidents is analyzed.Combined with the analysis of statistical tables,histograms and trend charts,the results indicate that falling accidents are characterized by regional aggregation and seasonal changes.Major accidents and general accidents are most common,of which 47.5% of the accidents occurred during the scaffolding operation.(2)Based on the analysis of 80 falling accidents,there are 203 unsafe acts and 74 unsafe conditions in the term of one-time behaviors.Among of them,there are 168 unsafe acts relevant with site operators,and 35 unsafe acts associated with production supervisors.The most common unsafe acts are improper use of PPE,and 8 types of unsafe acts are related to this,of which the top three are not wearing seat belts,not wearing safety helmets,and not tying up safety belts as required.Unlicensed work and unauthorized risky operations also often occur on construction sites.The most common unsafe conditions are mainly related to unqualified building materials,defective protective measures and scaffolding.(3)The habitual behaviors and operational behaviors are studied.171 insufficient safety knowledge relevant with habitual behaviors is classified as 9 categories,and it is mainly related to PPE,other safety protection and certified operation.Hiring temporary workers and no concerning about hidden dangers of surrounding environment are the manifestations of low safety consciousness of production supervisors and site operators.297 deficiencies of safety management systems associated with operational behaviors are classified as 14 categories,and it is mainly related to education and training system,on-site hazard investigation system and safety supervision system.(4)The unsafe behaviors in construction sites are observed and analyzed.The observation finds that there are still many unsafe conditions,such as randomly placed scaffolding board,unprotected window,and damaged elevator shaft guardrail.The analysis finds that the improper use of PPE such as safety helmets,safety belts and safety ropes is the most common unsafe behavior for site operators.(5)On the basis of our analysis,some control measures for the modification pf unsafe behaviors have been suggested in order to prevent falling accidents.Three types of unsafe action control models for improper use of PPE,unlicensed work and unauthorized risky operation are established.The accident prevention training system is introduced to modify the unsafe behaviors lacking safety knowledge and safety consciousness.The operation behavior control model is established,and an unsafe behavior control model for falling accidents is further constructed.