Research On The Design Of Perkins Fellows And Hamilton Architects In Modern China's Christian Colleges

As an important part of modern communication between China and the west,Christian University not only promotes the modernization of Chinese education,but also forms a unique architectural type in the history of modern Chinese architecture.In the 19 th and 20 th century,thousands of Christian missionaries came into China with the Western forces,intending to realize the ideal of "Chinese return to the Lord".The missionaries spread the life customs and spiritual thoughts of Western civilization in China by integrating into the life of mainland China and establishing schools,hospitals,publishing institutions and other organizations.This led to the awakening of Chinese national consciousness.Chinese people began to explore their own national civilization,and also began to realize the value of the spiritual thought and culture of architecture.Among many people involved in architectural design in the west,in addition to the early church buildings completed by missionaries,the rest of the buildings,especially the church universities,are basically completed by western architects.From the localization design of St.John's University in Shanghai in 1894 to the completion of Wuhan University in 1930 s,western architects almost monopolized all the design projects of ecclesiastic University.Until the 1930 s,Chinese architects gradually emerged in the field of university design and continued to carry forward.Perkins United architects from the United States participated in the important period of Chinese modern architecture exploration.They presided over the campus planning and some campus architectural design of University of Nanking and Cheeloo University in China.As an early western architect who entered China to participate in the architectural design of modern Christian University,the firm is the pioneer of Chinese and Western architectural design.It is enlightening for Chinese and foreign architects who began to practice later in the same period,and has played an important role in the evolution of modern Chinese architectural style.Perkins fellows & Hamilton Architects,as the main research object,through collecting a large number of letters and historical materials of campus planning and architectural design of two missionary universities,this paper sums up the evolution of campus planning ideas of American universities from the end of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century and the origin and practice of campus planning ideas of American universities Combining with the development of Christian University of China,this paper combs the campus spaceevolution of University of Nanking and the predecessor of Cheeloo University and the experience of the office's participation in the construction,discusses the planning ideas embodied by the office's campus planning practice in University of Nanking and Cheeloo University,and discusses the standardization and place of the office in the design of the buildings of University of Nanking and Cheeloo University This paper summarizes the campus planning ideas of the office and the conception of modern Chinese style,and provides ideas for the development of Chinese architectural style.