Impact Of The Urban Built Environment Factors On Childhood Obesity

At present,the chronic diseases have become the main cause of death in urban and rural residents in China.Obesity is an independent risk factor for frequent metabolic syndrome.Childhood obesity not only affects its current physical development,but also has a tendency to continue into adulthood track,increasing the risk of chronic disease in adulthood hypertension,diabetes and so on.In recent years,childhood obesity has become an increasingly serious public health problem.The prevalence of childhood obesity is affected by many factors such as genetics,environment and social culture.However,considering that the obesity gene cannot be changed in a short time,people have begun to pay attention to the mechanism of childhood obesity including energy intake and consumption.Scholars have gradually found that urban spatial factors have an impact on childhood obesity,and determining which built environmental factors affect childhood obesity and formulating corresponding planning optimization strategies are the main concerns of urban planning.According to the characteristics of children’s growth and development,most existing studies have explored the effects of diet and physical activity environment on childhood obesity based on social ecological models.There are differences between China and the West.Therefore,this paper mainly explores the built environmental factors that may affect childhood obesity based on China’s actual conditions,and proposes some relevant planning and design recommendations.This paper takes children as the research object,selects Zhanjiang City as an empirical case to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of children obesity in two main areas of Zhanjiang City.At the level of physical examination data,the article analyzes the characteristics of children’s BMI index in age,gender,blood pressure and living area.At the level of the built environment characteristics around the children,the spatial location information and the built environment were superimposed and analyzed,and divided into the dietary environment and physical activity environment level.And we compared the living environment differences of children with different obesity.Based on the above-mentioned spatial distribution characteristics,the associations between various built environmental factors and childhood obesity were analyzed.And we put forward the theoretical basis for constructing built environment factors model that affects childhood obesity.Combined with the research on childhood obesity in the field of urban planning,we screened out the built environment indicators that may affect childhood obesity and determines its measurement methods.A multiple logistic regression model is constructed to explore the correlation between childhood obesity and environmental factors in diet and physical activity areas.The study found that childhood obesity is affected by environmental factors such as convenience stores,markets,Chinese and Western fast food restaurants,land use,branch road density,parks etc,which could lead to an increase in BMI.We also found that the impact of the built environment on childhood obesity is agedifferentiated.After a comprehensive analysis of the influencing environmental factors,three types of spatial means: walkable environment,healthy food sources,and outdoor physical activity space comprehensively affect children’s living environment,which could reduce the incidence of childhood obesity.Based on this,this article puts forward relevant community planning and design suggestions to improve childhood obesity and promote urban health.