Study On The Spatial Form And Traditional Construction Crafts Of Tunpu Resident In Central Guizhou

Yunshan Tun was built in 1381,which belongs to Juntun(later developed into Shangtun)in the ancient post road in Yunnan and Guizhou.It is located in Qiyanqiao Town,Xixiu District,Anshun City,Guizhou Province.Yunshan Tun is surrounded by mountains,and the village itself is built on the mountain.The overall pattern is well preserved and its spatial composition is unique.In 2001,Yunshan TunIt was appraised as the fifth key national heritage conservation units.In 2005,Yunshan TunIt was appraised as "Famous Villages of Chinese History and Culture" by the national Ministry of Construction and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.However,there is little research on the pertinence of Yunshan Tun Village at present and there is no systematic study on its traditional construction crafts.In recent years,following my tutor Guo Xuan,the author participated in a project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)"Research on the Protection and Display of Cultural Heritage in Modern and Contemporary Warfare Series"(51578083),and has continued to carry out relevant research on traditional settlements and residences in Southwest China.The determination of the topic and main contents of this paper has been based on previous studies.During the summer vacation of 2018,the author went to Yunshan Tun,Anshun,Guizhou Province,to participate in the "China Urban and Rural Heritage Protection Volunteer Camp" to repair the traditional Tunpu dwelling-"Jinjia Yard".In December 2018,the author went to Yunshan Tun again to interview the craftsmen.According to the research results,the paper is divided into six chapters,which discuss the space form and traditional construction crafts of Yunshan Tun,and provide reference for the future study of Tunpu.The first chapter discusses the background and origin of the topic,the purpose and significance of the research,combs the research status of Tunpu and traditional construction techniques from both domestic and foreign aspects.Finally,points out the scope and content of the research,combs the train of thought,and shows the research methods and framework.The second chapter discusses the history of the eight villages in Yunfeng and Yunshantun.Firstly,the author discusses the relationship between the eight villages in Yunfeng and Yunshan Tun to prove the necessity of the research.Secondly,combing the formation and development of the eight villages in Yunfeng and finding its development rules to summarize.In the study of Yunshan Tun,the author divides it into three parts: the former,the middle and the latter to sort out the history of the village firstly.Secondly,making a comprehensive summary of the present situation from four aspects: the natural environment of Yunshan Tun,the survey and origin of villagers,folk customs and culture,and the economic structure of the village.This chapter combs the history of the eight villages in Yunfeng and Yunshantun in order to pave the way for the third and fourth chapters to study their spatial system and architectural form,as well as for the study of traditional construction crafts of Tunpu architecture.The third chapter discusses the spatial system and architectural form of the eight villages in Yunfeng and Yunshantun from macro to micro levels.Firstly,discussing the characteristics of planning of the eight villages in Yunfeng from four aspects: geographical environment,climatic conditions,the location of villages and the relationship between them,and the analysis of typical villages.Then,discussing the unique spatial composition of Yunshan Tun from three aspects: site selection,village planning,and important spatial nodes.Finally,analyzing the specific architectural units in Yunshan Tun from architectural types.The fourth chapter investigates and studies the traditional construction crafts of Tunpu architecture in central Guizhou from the perspective of non-material.Taking Yunshan Tun as the scope,Jinjia Yard as the specific case and the existing traditional craftsmen as the clue,firstly,investigating the environmental factors which may affect the construction crafts and the present condition of the preservation of it.Secondly,investigating the basic situation,the origin and inheritance of the crafts by means of interviews.Lastly,summarizing systematically from the preparation of the material,the common construction tools,traditional construction procedures and important ceremonies in construction.Based on the previous chapters,the fifth and sixth chapters comprehensively comment on the value of Yunshan Tun.Then the author points out the well-preserved parts and existing problems of Yunshan Tun.Finally,the author puts forward relevant considerations,summarizes the article and point out the shortcomings.