| Energy is rural production and life,the important material needs of the development of ecological space,also is the harmonious development of rural areas "extraordinarily space" of the key factors,the development of the national strategy,and the current rural fair in energy,energy security and the city has a larger gap,the rural energy problem is still outstanding.Karst area of rural energy consumption is the transition in low dependence and extensive use of wood burning way directly led to the rocky desertification of karst area ecological environment and human health problems,such as indirect lead to regional poverty,so the ecological fragile karst area,rural energy structure optimization helps regional energy development,social development,to guarantee the control results,has important theoretical significance and practical significance.Based on the national key research and development program for the 13 th five-year plan,this paper selects four demonstration zones for rocky desertification control that represent the overall karst environment in south China as the research zones.Through literature reading method,sampling survey method,model analysis method,biomass energy potential estimation method and biomass energy carrying capacity assessment method,empirical analysis was carried out on the influence factors of rural energy structure and consumption characteristics as well as rural energy utilization mode in typical karst plateau mountainous area potential--light rocky desertification research area,plateau canyon moderate intensity rocky desertification(guanling)research area,plateau canyon moderate intensity rocky desertification(zhenfeng)research area and mountain canyon non-potential rocky desertification research area.The biomass energy carrying capacity was evaluated through biomass energy potential estimation.Combined with the characteristics of regional social and economic development,agricultural development type,energy utilization status and energy potential,biomass energy optimization technology suitable for regions with different rocky desertification levels was developed.The following conclusions were drawn.(1)The proportion of firewood consumption in karst areas is high,and the substitution effect of electricity consumption on traditional energy is still insufficient.Survey,four research areas,farmers power for the main types of energy consumption,fuel wood,coal,and methane and solar energy users is less,while power users accounted for 99.31%,but the alternative of firewood consumption function is weak,there are still 83.10% of households have firewood as one of the main energy of life,other energy users accounted for less than 50%.In terms of consumption,firewood consumption is the highest.The average annual total energy consumption of households in the research area is 5330.95 kgce.Among them,the average annual energy consumption of households is 2702.3kgce,accounting for 50.69% of the total energy consumption.However,in different regions,the energy utilization is mainly coal + firewood in areas with slight potential rocky desertification.Coal consumption accounts for 49.92% of the total energy consumption,and firewood consumption accounts for 35.23%.The proportion of firewood consumption in areas with moderate rocky desertification(guanling),moderate rocky desertification(zhenfeng)and non-potential rocky desertification is 46.2%,60.56% and 54.96%,respectively.(2)Energy consumption in karst areas is significantly affected by the number of population,the number of electrical appliances,the number of breeding,annual net income,the proportion of energy expenditure,the area of cultivated land,and whether to enjoy policies.Coal consumption is positively affected by the number of electric appliances,the proportion of energy expenditure and the area of cultivated land.Firewood consumption was only negatively correlated with annual net income and positively correlated with cultivated land area,indicating that the lower the income was,the higher the firewood consumption was.However,firewood consumption in other areas with rocky desertification was not affected by income.Straw consumption is mainly affected by the number of cultivation,arable land area,policy factors positively;Power consumption is affected by many factors.Petroleum consumption was positively affected by the quantity of electric appliances,the quantity of breeding,the annual net income,the proportion of energy expenditure,and the area of cultivated land.The use of new energy is mainly positively affected by the policy.The optimization of energy structure in karst areas can be realized by raising farmers’ income and improving the level of agricultural development.It can also be controlled directly or indirectly through policies,regulations and poverty alleviation measures.(3)The karst area of agricultural biomass energy potential is tremendous,strong bearing capacity,potential-slight rocky desertification area of agricultural biomass bearing capacity is 5741.56 kgce/hm2,intensity of rocky desertification in the composition and were 5725.74 kgce/hm2,once called zhenfengli area 1256.16 kgce/hm2,no-potential rocky desertification area of 361.85 kgce/hm2,make full use of agricultural biomass can completely replace firewood consumption.However,the carrying capacity of forest biomass energy is only positive in areas without-potential rocky desertification,which is 4289.06kgce/hm2.The other regions with rocky desertification are all negative,and the more serious the rocky desertification is,the worse the carrying capacity of forest biomass energy is.The carrying capacity of potential-slight rocky desertification is-17.07kgce/hm2,and the carrying capacity of moderate rocky desertification in guanling and zhenfeng are-924.8kgce/hm2 and-593.4kgce/hm2,respectively.(4)The biomass energy optimization technologies are diversified in karst areas,and the potential-slight rocky desertification areas are mainly based on the liquefaction of potato resources to produce ethanol fuel and the use of forest residues solidification molding technologies.In the middle intensity rocky desertification(guanling)area,the development of sugarcane liquefaction to produce ethanol fuel and large-scale farmers based on straw and manure mixed fermentation to produce biogas mainly.In the middle intensity rocky desertification(zhenfeng)area,biogas produced by manure fermentation is the main adjustment technology,and large and medium-sized biogas projects are combined with household biogas.No-potential rocky desertification area is rich in forest resources,mainly with forest residues solidification molding technology and direct combustion heating technology,supplemented by household biogas technology. |
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