Spatial Characteristics Analysis And A Preliminary Study On The Optimization Strategies Of Rural Settlements In Poverty-stricken Counties In Southern Xinjiang

At present,rural areas are the weakest link in the construction of a well-off society and a powerful modern country.Poverty-stricken rural settlements in Southern Xinjiang are the most important and difficult in the process of rural revitalization as this region’s economy is backward,location conditions are relatively weak,ecological environment is very fragile.Therefore,it is necessary to make depth discussion on the characteristics of poor counties’ rural settlements in southern Xinjiang so as to give reasonable suggestions for the development of rural construction and the optimization for southern Xinjiang poverty alleviation work,and to offer reference to the development and revitalization of the country.This study is under the guidance of the countryside and settlement geography relevant theoretical knowledge,taking southern Xinjiang counties as research area,and is finished with the support of the collectable statistical data,GIS technology,methods of mathematical statistics and other research methods.In this study,the spatial pattern characteristics,spatial coupling features,ecological sensitivity of southern Xinjiang poverty-stricken rural settlement are analyzed,based on which constructing the comprehensive evaluation model of rural settlements.Comprehensive evaluation of the southern Xinjiang rural settlement space structure stability,the condition of social economic development level,ecological environment and resources,according to the spatial characteristics and the comprehensive evaluation results,This paper tries to put forward the strategy of spatial and developmental classification optimization of rural settlements in poverty-stricken counties in southern Xinjiang.Research shows that:(1)Most Rural settlements in poverty-stricken counties of southern Xinjiang are small in scale,large-scale ones concentrating in low-altitude plain agricultural areas,and small-scale agglomerating in high-altitude animal husbandry and semi-grazing areas;It mainly presents the characteristics of agglomeration-low-density distribution,and the distribution of rural settlements in the mountainous areas and plains shows different degrees of inverse relationship with roads,elevations and slopes.In terms ofmorphology,the clutter degrees of poverty-stricken counties in southern Xinjiang is:the sloping area > plain > mountainous area,the continuity of the settlement from the west to the east to the Hetian area is gradually strengthened.The fragmentation of the rural settlements in the north-central and upper-middle areas is higher than that in the county and city in the north and south,and the continuity is also higher.(2)In the aspect of the coupling characteristics of settlement-cultivated land,the coupling coordination model is used to analyze the coupling relationship between rural settlements and cultivated land in poverty-stricken counties in southern Xinjiang.It is found that the per capita cultivated land in poverty-stricken counties in southern Xinjiang is scarce and there is a certain degree of resistance between people and land.The spatial distribution of rural poly-cultivation is closely related with a significant characteristic of “cultivated land directivity”.The poverty-stricken counties in Kashgar on the whole have the highest degree of coordination,and the second highest coordination is in Hetian,while the cultivated ratio in Kezhou The index is relatively large,and the degree of coordination between people and land is low.The“human-land coordination type” is mainly located in the center of each county,and the contradiction between people and land on the northern edge of the county is the smallest.(3)In terms of ecological sensitivity,the majority of rural settlements in poverty-stricken counties in southern Xinjiang are mildly sensitive settlements,and the scales of mildly sensitive rural settlements are large.In some cases,the poverty-stricken counties in Kashgar are mildly sensitive.The number and proportion of rural settlements are the highest,and the ecological status is the best.The light sensitive areas of Keping County and Wushi County are relatively small,and the ecological status of rural settlements is the worst.The ecological sensitivity of poverty-stricken counties in the field is relatively serious.The ecological sensitivity of settlements is relatively high in all regions,which means that the ecological and environmental quality of the settlements in poverty-stricken counties in Hetian area needs to be further improved.(4)From the spatial stability of the rural settlements,social and economicdevelopment,habitat resources and comprehensive evaluation,it is found that the comprehensive development level of rural settlements in Kashgar,led by Shule County,is the highest,and the poverty-stricken counties in Hetian and some poor counties in Kezhou are lower.With the small average size,low land occupation rate and density,weak location conditions from traffic and central towns,the overall spatial structure is unstable.The economic development of poverty-stricken counties in southern Xinjiang is relatively heterogeneous,and the social living standards of counties are generally low.The ecological environment resources of poverty-stricken counties and cities in southern Xinjiang are distinct.In general,the habitat resources in the Kashgar and Aksu and Kezhou regions are above the mean,while the Hetian region is generally in a poor state.(5)According to the results of the settlement evaluation,it is necessary to propose the optimization suggestions for the rural settlements in the poverty-stricken counties of southern Xinjiang from the two aspects of improving the spatial stability of rural settlements and the optimization development model of rural areas.To improve the stability of spatial structure is to build rural settlement hierarchical development system of “core development town-secondary core key development type-retention control development type-off-site relocation type".From the perspective of social and economic development,four types of rural settlement development are concluded: the suburban agricultural industrialization drives rural settlements development type,local characteristic industries drive rural settlements development type,tourism drives rural settlements development,the increase and decrease of urban and rural areas and the improvement of land use drive rural settlements development.