Research On Design Of Pension Facilities For The Elderly In Cold Areas Based On Thermal Comfort

In recent years,the proportion of the elderly population in China has been rising.As of the end of 2017,the proportion of elderly people aged 60 and over in China has reached 17.3%.Elderly care facilities have become an important choice for the elderly to spend their old age.With the increasing demands of the society for the care facilities for the elderly,the thermal comfort of the indoor thermal environment has become a problem that cannot be ignored.Through the domestic and international literature review research on thermal comfort theory and the construction of elderly care facilities,it is found that there are few studies on the thermal comfort of the elderly in severe cold areas.This study firstly explored the influencing factors affecting the thermal comfort of elderly care facilities in severe cold areas.The research shows that the physical environment elements(temperature and humidity,average radiation temperature,indoor air flow rate)and individual differences(physiological psychology)of the elderly are common.The feeling of thermal comfort has an impact.Then,a survey of the thermal comfort of the elderly care facilities in the severe cold area was conducted.The survey included objective physical environment factor measurement and subjective perception questionnaire for the elderly.Through the selection of three representative elderly care facilities in Harbin,the physical measurement of temperature and humidity,wind speed and thermal comfort questionnaire were conducted during the winter heating period and the transition period of heating.The actual measurement part of the physical environment aims to determine the regularity of the physical environment elements in the care facilities of the elderly and the distribution of the physical environment elements in the high-frequency use space.The Thermal Comfort Questionnaire was designed to investigate the effects of temperature,humidity,indoor wind speed and individual differences on the thermal comfort perception of elderly care facilities.Investigations and studies have shown that there are many problems in the indoor thermal environment during the construction and use of the elderly care facilities,and the thermal comfort is not good.Including the uneven distribution of temperature in the space of the facility,the low humidity of the indoor air,the poor ventilation in the winter,and the disordered indoor temperature distribution.It is extremely important to improve thermal comfort and create a good indoor thermal environment for elderly care facilities.Investigations and studies have shown that there are many problems in the indoor thermal environment during the construction and use of elderly care facilities.Including the uneven distribution of temperature in the space of the facility,the low humidity of the indoor air,the poor ventilation in the winter,and the disordered indoor temperature distribution.It is extremely important to create a good indoor thermal environment for elderly care facilities.Finally,through the analysis and summary of the factors affecting thermal comfort,this study proposes a reasonable physical environment design method from the perspective of making appropriate design strategies and enclosure structures at the building level.A comfortable design promotes a guiding design strategy.