Research On Human Thermal Comfort And Thermal Adaptation In Heating Building Environments In Severe Cold Area

Adaptive thermal comfort is the current hot spot in terms of the thermal comfort research in the world.It is very important to discover the regulations among climate,indoor environment and human being.And it is also significant to specify the indoor environment standards and the building efficiency standards.The winter is long and cold in Chinese severe cold area and the heating energy consumption is huge.The overheating phenomenon is occurred in this area in winter,which is largely contradictionary to the energy conservation,emissions reduction and human thermal adaptation utilization.The systematic field studies and micro-climate experiments in this thesis were carried out to discover the human comfort and influencial factors such as different terminal heating modes,built environments,outdoor and indoor climates,human age and gender.The research works are as follows:The radiator heating and floor heating are the main terminal heating modes in winter in the severe cold area of China.These two heating modes establish different indoor thermal environments and accordingly have different effects on human thermal comfort.The human physiologically and psychologically thermal responses between radiator and floor heating non-uniform environments were studied in micro-climate chamber in this thesis.Indoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort were consecutively tracking investigated in four types of buildings as residential apartment,office building,university students’ dormitory and classroom in winter in Harbin.The features of indoor thermal environments and the regulations of human thermal responses,behavioral adjustments were discovered.The climate and indoor environment effects to human thermal adaptation were presented through the research of indoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort features in students’ dormitories in transitional seasons and different space heating phases.The different indoor thermal exposure impacts to human thermal adaptability were revealed through the tracking investigation to residential built environments in two winters.The influencial regulations on human thermal comfort in different age and gender were discovered through statistic analysis to thermal responses of different age and gender subjects in residential apartments and dormitories.The main foundings are as follows:Basis on the micro-climate chamber study,it was found that the physiologically and psychologically thermal responses were different.And the regulations between human overall thermal comfort and partial skin temperature difference in different heating environments were found.According to the field study,it was found that the deviation between AMV and PMV existed in all transitional seasons and different heating phases.But the degree of the deviation was greatly different.It was found that the impacts of outdoor climate and indoor experience to human thermal adaptation were all existed in winter in the severe cold area.However,their impacts extent was different in different studied seasons.The indoor thermal experience become the main influencial factor since the middle heating period.Meanwhile,it was found that different space heating exposures greatly impacted human thermal adaptation.And people were more thermally sensitive to indoor temperature reduction.The high thermal comfort zone was formed due to the high indoor heating temperature in winter.Through the field study in different types of built environments and thermal exposures,the thermal neutral temperatures distribution was obtained in different types of buildings and different thermal exposures.The suggestive values of heating design temperature in different types of buildings in the severe cold area were given.Through the field study in dormitories and residential apartments,the human adaptive regulations about different age and gender were presented.The method of clothing insulation standardization was applied to exclude the influence of subjects’ clothing insulation to the neutral temperature in different types of built environments,different indoor thermal exposures and different age and gender.It was found that the neutral temperatures were still greatly different after clothing insulation standardization in different types of built environments,indoor thermal exposures and different age and gender.This regulation verified the influencial factors of human physiological and psychological adaptation.Finally,the internal relationships were analyzed and discussed according to the above experimental and field studies.The negative feedback system flowchat of physiological,psychological and behavioral adaptation was raised.This study can provide theoretical supports and scientific reference for the improvement of domestic indoor thermal environment standards.