Study On Energy-saving Construction Of Exterior Walls And Windows Of Russian Residential Buildings

Based on the study experience and practical conditions in Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University(PGUPS),Russia,the author mainly used the methods of literature survey,field investigation,mathematical modeling and experimental testing to study the energy consumption,energy-saving construction of external walls and windows of Russian residential buildings.Russia is a country with high overall latitude and cold climate.The research on energy consumption and envelope elements of Russian residential buildings is helpful for the exploration of energy conservation of residential building envelopes in severe cold and cold areas of China.Based on relevant building codes and literatures,this paper first summarizes the characteristics of climate and building climate zoning in Russia,the overall state and specification requirements of residential building energy consumption,and summarizes the characteristics of residential energy efficiency rating.Secondly,the materials and constructions of the exterior walls of Russian residential buildings were investigated,and the typical wall constructions of different climatic zones were sorted out.The typical constructions and thermal characteristics of walls in cold and severe cold areas were analyzed.In addition,proposes the air reverse osmosis wall suitable for cold climate,probes into the operating principle of the wall,establishes a mathematical model,calculates the heating energy consumption and analyzes the energy saving of the wall scheme in st.Petersburg,Volgograd,Voronezh and Murmansk,and demonstrates the thermal resistance limit value of the wall and discusses its applicability.Thirdly,based on the research the using and thermal requirements of windows in Russian residential building were summarized;the relationship between windows and building facades is explored,and the construction and thermal performance of different types of windows in residential buildings are analyzed.The method of adding impermeable curtain to double glazed wooden window was put forward,and the air permeability tests of different impermeable curtains were carried out in PGUPS.The energy saving effect of impermeable curtain was calculated,the possible constructions mode were explored,the thermal resistance was verified and application was discussed.The research shows that the thermal performance requirements of the main components of residential building envelope in China's severe cold area A are close to those in Russia,where the heating degree days are around 4000 ?·d.The cold prevention and insulation measures of residential building envelopes in these areas are of reference significance to severe cold area A in north China.The air reverse osmosis wall consisted of air permeable porous material was proved that in different cold climate in Russia can make the first floor heating room of multi-story residential buildings save about 10%of the heating energy consumption,which led to a 0.2?1.6 CNY/m2(2-16 RUB/m2)heating cost savings in one heating period(180 days).The installation of the Russian Lavsan membrane impermeable curtain can reduce the conduction heat loss by 29%?43%and the osmotic heat loss by about 50%of the double-glazed window respectively.