Landscape Design Of Residential District Based On The Theory Of Sponge City

With the process of urbanization in China's society,more and more people are gathering in urban area.The bombing urban population has accelerated the spread of residential areas.However,the ever-expanding city has caused a series of latent ecological and environmental problems,such as water pollution,urban drought and floods,thermal island effect,waste management,haze and so on,among which the primary issue is the water problem.Most cities are facing threats from water pollution,groundwater shortage and waterlogging.The reasons of those are the interrupted natural-water circulation by the construction of the city that trends to pave the underlying surface with rigid material blocking infiltration of rainwater.As a consequence,many cities were claimed to be able to get a close touch with the sea when inundated and the ground water couldn't be supplemented.In order to cope with the above-mentioned problems based on contemporary status of urbanization and crisis of water,the "sponge city" concept was initially proposed in April 2012."Sponge city" theory is supposed to be effective and flexible on regulating urban rain and flood just like a huge piece of sponge.This theory is generated from LID(the Low Impact Development),a technology originated in Maryland,USA in the 1990 s and was widely advanced and applied in developed area such as Europe and the United States.Nowadays,China has put forward the goal of ecological civilization,and actively pushed the construction of ‘sponge city' by issuing "sponge city construction technology guide(Trial)" and a series of guidelines,along with the economic support from the Ministry of Finance by introducing relevant documents to "sponge city" construction.By 2016,30 cities had been chosen as pilot cities to carry out construction of exemplary projects,when China marched into a comprehensive development stage of sponge city construction.Initially,this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research achievements to sort out relevant concepts alongside the development courses and analyze progressive technology abroad,and domestic researches on sponge city theory and construction progress are studied at the same time.Then it investigates the cases of low impact development around the globe to realize the utilization of LID in various spatial scales.Simultaneously,criteria,technical measures and specification of rainwater management are researched accordingly.Secondly,LID technical application measures are proposed on foundation of the feature of domestic residential areas.From the perspective of landscape design,paper focuses on integrating rainwater recycling process into landscape design via topographical design,utilization of new-type materials and new technology,purification facilities,storage equipment,etc.Thirdly,the "Zhongtian Town" block A1 in Kunming is selected as a research object,the landscape design of which was carried out under the guide of LID technology according to the sponge city theory and local standards.Through the study of essential condition and local hydrological data,author designs the residential landscape with comprehensive consideration with functional request and design methods,in order to achieve a small scale of water circulation and meet the sponge city construction requirements.Design of greenspace,pavements and paths are based on the actual situation.Permeable pavement,sunken green space,grass-planting ditch,cistern and other ‘sponge city' technical measures are used.Finally,parameters,such as the property of the land,the vertical elevation,the storm-water pipe network and the LID technical measures,are detect to set up a SWMM model after completion to simulate the process,and the conclusion is that the design can achieve the desired results.