Study On Fire Risk Assessment And Countermeasures Of Commercial And Residential Buildings

As a comprehensive building integrating living,shopping,leisure and entertainment,commercial and residential building provides convenience,comfort and speed for people's life.But because of its complex structure,diverse functions and more flammable materials,there exists many fire safety hazards.Once a fire occurs,that would causes serious casualties and property losses.Therefore,combined such background this paper mainly conduct the fire risk assessment of commercial and residential building and the study of fire prevention countermeasures.The main research contents of this paper include:(1)The method of literature analysis are used to summarize the relevant data of fire risk assessment,and expounds the basic theories of fire risk assessment like evaluation methods,fire risk classification,etc,and deeply analyse the overview of underground building part of commercial and residential buildings and the part of the podium building and high-rise building,and the characteristics of the fire accident were also studied.(2)The factors affecting the fire hazard of commercial and residential buildings were analyzed one by one,and the fire risk indicator system of commercial and residential buildings was established according to the construction principle of the index system.For the five primary indicators of the fire risk indicator system,17 secondary indicators and 49 third-level indicators,questionnaires were established to evaluate the importance of each indicator.The reliability and validity of the collected survey data were analyzed by SPSS23.0.The results show that both the data reliability and validity was high,which means that the design of fire risk index system was reasonable.(3)Combining the analytic hierarchy process with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,qualitative and quantitative analysis,which fully embodies the ambiguity of the evaluation process,and it can reduce the influence of subjective factors,and the evaluation results are more reliable.(4)The underground building,podium building and high-rise part of a commercial and residential building were evaluated respectly.the results show that some restaurants in the underground building have increased the fire load and are located in a closed space,and the evaluation risk is “relatively safe”;a part of restaurants in the podium shopping mall are scattered and fire management is not in place,so the evaluation risk is “general security”;The high-rise part is mainly used by resident,the high-rise chimney effect makes the fire spread quickly and is not conducive to evacuation.So the risk assessment is defined as “relatively safe”.According to the comprehensive impact of the three parts on commercial and residential buildings,the overall risk assessment is “general security”.(5)Based on the results of fire risk assessment of commercial and residential buildings,the paper puts forward the prevention and control of fire from three aspects: technology,education and management.The technical measures for fire prevention and control of commercial and residential buildings include strengthening the construction of fire prevention and control facilities and the ability to prevent and control fire prevention and control technologies.The management measures for fire prevention and control of commercial and residential buildings include strengthening the establishment of safety management system and establishing fire emergency management mechanism.The educational measures for fire prevention and control of commercial and residential buildings include raising awareness of fire prevention and control and establishing a community fire prevention volunteer team.