Research On Influencing Factors Of Cold And Heat Load Of A Fitness Center In Severe Cold Area Based On BIM Technology

With the increasing number and scale of buildings in China,the problem of energy consumption has become increasingly prominent.At present,BIM technology has been widely and deeply applied in architectural design.It is convenient for architects to simulate and design energy-saving,and to design energy-saving according to different climate needs of different buildings.Building energy consumption refers to the total energy consumed to maintain building function and operation.In cold areas,the largest proportion of building energy consumption is heating and air conditioning energy consumption.Reducing the total load of building is one of the important ways of building energy saving.Therefore,the calculation of building cooling and heating load is an index to evaluate building energy consumption,and also a reference for HVAC design.The cooling and heating load of a building is affected by various factors.This paper uses sensitivity analysis method to analyze the changing trend and degree of each single factor affecting the annual total load of the experimental floor,to analyze and compare the significance of each factor affecting the annual energy consumption of the building or the main functional room,and to find out the magnitude of each factor affecting the total load of the experimental floor.The first part of this paper first describes the general situation of a fitness center project in the cold region,then establishes the BIM model,sets the original parameters,calculates the building's heat and cold load with BIM energy consumption calculation software,and summarizes the influencing factors of the building's heat and cold load in the cold region: the environment and climate outside the building,the maintenance structure of the building and the building's use function.The second part uses the relevant energy-saving simulation analysis software to simulate and analyze the solar radiation,and explores the influence of solar radiation on building cooling and heating load from four aspects: building orientation selection,window opening,shading form and external window shading coefficient.In the building envelope structure,the thermal performance of the external wall and window has a great influence on the cooling and heat load of the building.So in the third part,the window-to-wall ratio,the heat transfer coefficient of the external window,the heat transfer coefficient of the external wall and the heat transfer coefficient of the roof are selected as parameters to analyze the influence of various factors on the cooling and heat load of the building.