| Our country entered the aging society as early as 2001,in the face of the current situation of the increasing number of old people,empty-nest families and disabled elders,the increasing demand for recreation in age groups,sharp conflict between the urban park environment and the demand of old people,so how to provide a more safe,comfortable and healthy urban park environment for old people is becoming a big challenge in the field of landscape architecture.This paper keep pace with the times,focus on the recreation behavior of old people and the place for recreation in three urban parks in Wuhan and suppose optimization strategies.And look forward to contributing to the building of “the old fitness” urban parks.This thesis summaries the researches and insufficiency in five aspects in this field based on a large number of collection and studied of literature at home and abroad,combing the psychological and physical characteristics of old people,the recreation demand for urban parks theories,recreation motivation theories,behavior psychology theories,relations of environment and behavior theories,recreation satisfaction theories and the place character of urban park theories applied in the thesis.Firstly this paper takes “Hankou marshlan”,“Qingshan park”,“Zhongshan park” as the main research range,processes the research in the field to learn about the geographical location,function layout,natural and artificial landscape elements,service facilities and humanistic environment elements in three urban park combined the interview to understand the old man’s subjective feeling and the present condition of the site;then we find out the recreation behaviors of the old people and the merits and faults of the specific recreational spaces by analyzing 500 survey results through SPSS statistics data editing software and behavior observation;Finally,wedrawn several conclusions by the IPA analysis method: recreational preference and recreation satisfaction of the old people,37 physical environment elements and humanism environment elements that constitutes urban park were divided into“Keep Up The Good Work”,“Possible Overkill”,“Low Priority”,“Concentrate Here”four quadrants.Through the front chapter research and the analysis,recreation behavior characteristics of old people are summarized: there are time disciplines,regionality,aggregation,territoriality,repellency,communication six behavior habits among old people in Wuhan urban parks;old people in three parks has various types of recreation activities,and it is positively correlated with it’s park area;the time-space distribution law of recreation activities vary depending on recreation activity types;activity group size and type are the influencing factors of distribution law between different recreation activities;there are three recreation paths of direct path,circle path of ring or ribbon and unconstrained path;there are seven distribution form of recreation behavior of scattered point,cluster,belt-like,surrounding,ring-like,matrix and mixing,among old people in Wuhan three urban parks.Through the research and analysis of eleven welcomed and eight not welcomed recreational spaces and recreation behavior of old people inside it,the characteristics of recreational spaces welcomed by old people are summarized:they can fulfill convenient,safe,healthy,comfortable,aesthetic-functional and particular activity need of old people.Through the research and analysis of field investigation,interview,IPA questionnaire survey,the disadvantages of the urban park are summarized from three aspects:(1)Five disadvantages in planning and designing of park: poor layout of overall shape and function;mutual interference of the activities between the spaces due to the poor layout of specific recreational spaces;inadequate quantity and variety of recreational spaces;poor layout of the shared spaces of the old people andchildren;ineffective usage of recreational spaces in different period.(2)Three disadvantages in constitutes of park: the disadvantages in natural and artificial landscape elements;inadequate quantity and variety,impersonal detailing and poor distribution of service facilities.(3)Four disadvantages in humanism environment of park: poor order management of the activities among old people;poor security maintenance of recreational spaces;not timely maintenance of environmental health and facilities;poor operational management level.Combining with the present condition of the park and the recreation behavior characteristics of the old people,optimization strategies of the urban park are summarized from three aspects:(1)Optimization strategies of the site planning and designing:planning the reasonable service radius,optimizing the layout of overall shape and function,planning and designing varied spaces according to the content of activity,planning and designing the multi-level spaces according to the scale of activity,optimizing the plan and design of the shared spaces of old people and children,organizing activities within the deadline.(2)Optimization strategies of the natural and artificial landscape elements,service facilities elements.(3)Optimization strategies of the humanistic environment: increasing awareness of the importance of coping with aging of population actively,improving the policy system to strengthen the security management,increasing capital investment to enhance service awareness,improving the “quantitative”standard to provide effective guidance. |
