Design And Construction Of The Local Farmhouse In Fuling,Chongqing

In China,there are about 600 million farmers(come from National Data Network)living in the vast rural areas,and around 2.6 million natural villages(come from South Rural Newspaper).Strengthening the construction of rural infrastructure and improving the living environment of farmers is of great significance to implement the strategy of "rural revitalization",constructure ecological and livable environment,and build habitable and suitable countryside.Farmhouses are closely related to the life of farmers,with the development of rural economy,most farmers renovate their own farmhouses or build a new one.However,because of the lack of professional knowledge about design and construction,some new farmhouses are becoming more and more secular,formulaic and single.And also,extensive rough construction has brought huge waste of resources and cultural loss.This paper takes the farmhouses in Fuling region as the research object,then takes samples,carrys out surveying and mapping,studys the specific contents of design and construction,and summarizes its design characteristics.Though comparing the features of the traditional farmhouses and construction status in quo of the new farmhouses,to explore a set of effective design theory and practice methods of modern farmhouses,and to solve the problems in the process of building settlements,such as scattered settlements,single forms and uncoordinated functions and so on.The characteristics of traditional farmhouses in Fuling region are mainly reflected in the following four aspects: First,the location.According to the mountainous terrain of the region,farmers built their houses and adjust measures to local conditions.According to the tradition of agricultural culture,that is close to the field,formed a point-like scattered settlement form and the organic integration with the surrounding environment.Second,the layout of the plane,"one"(written in chinese character)type as the basic unit,with the slope terrain changes,the evolution of "Ding"(written in chinese character)type and "concave"(written in chinese character)type of various layout patterns.By local custom,the adults move out with the assigned property,though flexible combination,becoming "enclosed" layout form and courtyard space.Third,the location of the houses.The materials are civil engineering materials,highlighting the vernacular features,the structure is tranditional “Chuan Dou” structure,adapting to the changes of space,and for the wall building tecnology,it's reallyenvironmental and practical.Forth,the ecological aspects,organic symbiosis of architecture and environment,as well as organic intergration of structural style and the rural surroundings.Although the use of the tranditional farmhouses has been gradually eliminated,the thinking of the architecture contained in them can still provide great inspiration for the modern farmhouses.The main problems in the construction of new farmhouses in Fuling region are as follows: First,the construction of new settlements along the highway not only destroys the patchy distribution of the original ecology,but also goes against to residential and village development.Second,the internal space form of urbanization can not meet the actual needs of farmers' production and life,the redundant living materials are stacked disorderly,resulting to the overcrowded space.Besides,tile fixing and painting on the exterior walls are too humdrum.In addition,the sculpts of roof,doors and windows are stylized and stiff.Third,in the form of external space,the public spaces between the countryside are not perfect,due to the regional folk customs gradually decline,the family courtyard space is been occupied,and the further development of traditional family culture is restrained.Although the living quality of farmers has a certain improvement,many of the problems need to be solved when keep deeper analysis.Based on the reaserch on the design and constructure characteristics of tranditional farmhouses,this paper analyzes the design metheds,summarizes the problems need to be done,and then puts forward the strategies for the design and construction of farmhouses as follows: Firstly,the location of the farmhouses should in accordance with the rural living style.Then,the spatial reconstruction better embody the concept of ecological livable ideas.Last,the decoration need to restore the hometown feelings.As the end of this paper,study respectively select a traditional farmhouse and self-built new farmhouse in Fuling area to reconstruct to verify the proposed strategy.Though the combine of theory and practice,I hope this study can provide useful reference for the construction of farmhouses in Fuling region,and also become the new farmhouses design paradigm of ecological and livable environment in the future.