Study On The Differentiation Of Habitat Landscape Connectivity Degree In Ecological Resettlement Areas Of Southern Ningxia

Landscape connectivity reflects the role of landscape in promoting or hindering the movement of species or an ecological process between habitat patches.It has important implications for maintaining the integrity and continuity of landscape patterns and ecological processes,and it is also a solution to landscape fragmentation.The eective methods of maintaining,reconstructing and restoring landscape functions,evaluation,simulation and application of landscape connectivity have become research hotspots in landscape ecology,conservation biology and other related disciplines.At present,the research on landscape connectivity mostly stays in the landscape index,and it is diicult to display well in space.Using the minimum cost distance model not only can spatially analyze the changing rules of landscape connectivity,but also make the evaluation result compared to the landscape.The index method is more intuitive and reasonable.Ecological immigrants are targeted,planned,and organized collective-type population migration to relieve regional ecological carrying capacity,reduce pressure on the ecological environment in the relocation area,improve the living conditions of the poor,and eectively protect the biological diversity of the relocated area..With the construction,development and development of ecological resettlement areas,the construction land area in the resettlement area has been continuously expanded,and the population size and population density have increased rapidly.This has caused some disturbance to the habitat of the resettlement area to a certain extent,making the habitat of the resettlement area a habitat.The fragmentation and landscape connectivity have been greatly reduced.The landscape fragmentation and islanding in the resettlement areas have been serious,posing threats and challenges to regional ecological security.Yuanzhou district is one of the first areas in Ningxia to begin immigration and relocation,and it is also the main battlefield for ecological migration in Ningxia county.It is both an exodus area and a resettlement area.Resettlement relocation and resettlement have caused great disturbance and impact on the landscape.Therefore,this study takes the ecological immigrant resettlement area in Yuanzhou district of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the research area,combines the principles of landscape ecology,and selects 4 sample villages on the basis of field surveys,with high-resolution image interpretation data for 2010 and 2016.Based on the analysis of landscape pattern changes in the two periods using landscape index analysis software,the minimum distance distance model was used to study the degree of landscape connectivity in the land use of ecological immigrant settlements in the Yuanzhou district,and to explore the impact of ecological immigrant resettlement in the Yuanzhou district.The driving force of the change of landscape connectivity in the district,based on the evaluation results of landscape connectivity,combined with the socio-economic development of the study area,based on the optimization of the landscape,proposed a new idea of adjusting and improving the land use in the ecological immigrant resettlement area of the Yuanzhou district.The main research is as follows:(1)From 2010 to 2016,the overall landscape pattern of the ecological immigrant settlement village in Yuanzhou district changed significantly.The area of cultivated land in the resettlement village decreased from 2,365.67 hm2 in 2010 to 1956.50 hm2 in 2016.The garden area decreased from 326.65 hm2 to 273.32 hm2 in 2016,and the construction land area increased from 472.17 hm2 in 2010 to 820.60 hm2 in 2016.Although there has been an increase in forest land,grassland and waters,there has been little change.Overall,significant reductions in cultivated land and gardens and land for construction have increased significantly,but the rate of change in each village has been different.(2)The evaluation results of landscape connectivity based on the minimum distance model show that the landscape connectivity decreased from 2010 to 2016,and fragmentation of landscapes intensified,which is consistent with the results of the landscape pattern index analysis.As the study area is small,the influence of natural factors on landscape connectivity is not obvious,mainly because human factors drive the change of landscape connectivity in the resettlement area.(3)Through the analysis of the changes of land use landscape pattern index in the two periods,the division of functional areas in the resettlement area was adjusted based on the evaluation results and divided into agricultural areas,built-up areas,ecological areas,and transitional areas,and a landscape connectivity optimization strategy was formulated:First,to avoid continued expansion of construction land,to make overall arrangements for land resources in neighboring regions,and to strengthen the overall construction of the landscape with neighboring regions;second,to strictly implement population policies,appropriately control the population to continue to grow too fast,and actively encourage the transfer of population to towns;Third,on the basis of maintaining the existing landscape level,the courtyard is encouraged to beautify and green,and the surrounding unused land is used for ecological protection and utilization to improve the land utilization rate.Fourthly,the selection of local crop types is more appropriate through technical input and variety improvement,and encouragement.And guide immigrants to set up agricultural cooperatives and aquaculture cooperatives to increase land intensiveness;Fifth,to improve the ecological awareness of immigrants through the implementation of the "three rural" policy and to strengthen publicity and education.In the future,land development in the resettlement areas must establish a sustainable development concept with ecological priority.