Study On Safety Assessment And Safety Preventive Countermeasures Of Expressway Construction

Under the background of the era of building a powerful country with traffic,the construction of expressways in China is in a critical period of vigorous development.However,compared with the rapid development of expressway construction,the safety management of expressway construction in China is relatively lagged and safety accidents occur frequently.The highway construction has the characteristics of poor working environment,high technical standards,difficulty in construction,long construction period and large quantities of works.At the same time,the construction safety of the expressway is also related to the influence of many human factors,such as the construction unit's own technical strength,construction experience,project management and other factors.The complexity of external conditions and the uncertainty of the internal environment have resulted in the construction of expressways with relatively large potential safety hazards.Therefore,to successfully realize the leapforward development of expressway construction,we must ensure the construction safety of expressway construction.This is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently.Through field investigation and relevant literature review,this paper focuses on the research on safety assessment and safety precaution of highway construction.The main research contents are as follows:On the basis of relevant theories of safety management,combined with relevant literature and statistical data,the construction safety accidents of highways are studied,and pave the way for the identification of construction hazard sources.After having a deep understanding of the connotation,characteristics,classification,and hierarchy of expressway safety accidents,we pointed out that the causes of safety accidents mainly exist in the following four areas: employees,facilities and equipment,operating environment,and organization and management.The danger source in highway construction projects is the fuse that induces construction accidents.In order to control the construction site safety risks and prevent construction accidents,it is necessary to identify the hazard sources of highway construction.Firstly,the definition,basic elements and classification methods of hazard sources are analyzed.Then,based on energy accidental release theory,trajectory intersection theory,causal chain theory,and system safety theory,the hazard mechanism of construction hazard sources is analyzed;finally,it is based on comprehensive identification of construction hazard sources.The concept of hazard identification for the pre-construction,during construction,and post-construction was designed to make the hazard identification of the expressway more dynamic and comprehensive.Based on the highway of qianshi highway,the paper identifies the major hazards in the construction process and puts forward the corresponding control measures.Combined with the actual conditions of the expressway construction site and the establishment of the evaluation index system,a hierarchical hierarchical highway safety evaluation index system was constructed.Based on the set pair analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on set pair analysis was proposed,a highway construction safety evaluation model was established,and the weight of each evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process.The model was applied to the construction project of the Yanshi Expressway and the operability and effectiveness of the model were verified.According to the existing problems in the safe production management of expressway construction,based on the prevention principle and basic principles of safety accidents,the prevention of highway construction safety accidents is proposed from four aspects: practitioners,facilities and equipment management,operating environment and organization and management.