Study On Watershed Eco-compensation Model

In the 1980 s,eco-compensation appeared as an environmental protection policy aimed at solving the underestimated value of ecosystem services.In order to solve the watershed ecological problems,China has also carried out watershed eco-compensation in recent years.The current watershed eco-compensation model is mainly based on government eco-compensation,which is compensated by transfer payment from the exchequer.So far,the watershed eco-compensation model based on government eco-compensation in China has not been fundamentally changed.The watershed eco-compensation needs to seek a more scientific compensation model to achieve the sustainable development of the watershed ecological environment.This article consists of the following four parts:The first chapter clarifies the connotation of watershed eco-compensation.First,the concept of eco-compensation is defined.Eco-compensation is essentially a kind of benefit distribution and coordination mechanism.It is compensation for ecological gain behavior,focusing on the positive externality of the behavior rather than the negative externality.Secondly,on the basis of defining the concept of eco-compensation,the definition of watershed eco-compensation is made clear.Thirdly,the paper analyzes the related concepts of watershed eco-compensation,reimbursable usage on water resources,and compensation for ecological damage.Then,puts forward the theoretical basis of watershed eco-compensation,such as economic externality theory,fairness and justice theory.The second chapter introduces the model of watershed eco-compensation,and analyzes their concepts and characteristics.The government eco-compensation has indirect and compulsory characteristics.It compensates by means of horizontal and vertical transfer payment from the exchequer,national project compensation,and geographically distributed development,etc.The market eco-compensation has the characteristics of voluntariness,directness,and low management and operation costs.It incorporates watershed eco-compensation into a market-based operating platform.The social eco-compensation has the characteristics of cooperation,volunteerism and directness,which can realize the socialization of watershed eco-compensation funds.The third chapter combs the current situation of China's watershed eco-compensation model from the perspective of legislation and practice,and points out the problems existing in China's current watershed eco-compensation model.At present,China's watershed eco-compensation model based on government eco-compensation has its advantages,but its problems cannot be ignored.For example,the legal system for watershed eco-compensation is not yet perfect,the scope of the subject of the legal relationship is narrow,the compensation method is single,and public participation is insufficient.The fourth chapter aims to provide suggestions for the improvement of the watershed eco-compensation model in China.First,it clearly points out the development direction of China's construction of a diversified watershed eco-compensation model.Secondly,in terms of the watershed eco-compensation legal system,it is necessary to improve the watershed eco-compensation legal system,refine the subject of legal relations,and clarify the government functions.In terms of supporting systems for watershed eco-compensation,it is necessary to improve the watershed eco-compensation supervision system and give full play to the role of watershed ecological supervision and management institutions;improve the public participation mechanism and explore the establishment of a watershed eco-compensation dispute resolution mechanism.