Study Of The Risk Management Of Ships Carrying Cargoes That May Liquefy

The threats and hazards associated with the carriage of cargoes that may liquefy are well known and publicized.If some cargoes such as concentrates,unprocessed nickel ores and iron ore fines contain sufficient moisture,then cargo compaction during a voyage may cause liquefaction.This has been known to result in major cargo displacement('cargo shift'),causing the vessel to capsize and resulted in a number of fatalities.Yet,incidents still continue to occur,sometimes with devastating consequences.Cargo,vessel,personnel and environment...the safety of vessel carrying cargoes may liquefy could be affected by multiple factors.It has long presented difficult practical and safety considerations for the shipping industry concerning cargo liquefaction.To provide context to this interdisciplinary problem,an overview of the key considerations is presented in this thesis,which includes:(?)a summary of the physical properties of cargoes which may liquefy;(?)the regulatory controls that are used to prevent its occurrence during shipment;(?)the loading and shipment operation of carrying cargoes which may liquefy;and(?)the experiences from the past incidents.Based on the analysis with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)method,key factors and considerations like cargo,vessel,personnel and environment are evaluated and weighed.Fuzzy evaluation model is established in this thesis to assess the risk influence factors.A voyage of MV Mandarin Eagle is taken to exam the model.The results show that the model is of good validity for the evaluation of the risk of ships carrying cargoes which may liquefy,and thus of fair significance the transportation of the cargo in marine practice.From these findings,specific recommended operations have been proposed accordingly.With proper operations,the risks faced by ships carrying cargoes which may liquefy could be reduced and avoided.